2. • Periodontal disease (IPD) involves a group of
diseases characterized by affecting the tissues
that sustain and affecting the tissues that
sustain and protect the tooth:
• 1.Gingiva,
• 2.Periodontal ligament,
• 3.Root cement and
• 4.Alveolar bone
3. Gingivitis
Periodontitis
Definition
•Inflammation of gingiva
Inflammatory disease that
involve supporting tissues
of the tooth
• Periodontal Ligaments
•Alveolar bone
Etiology
•Plaque induces
•Non plaque induce
•Microorganisms
Fate
•If treated early curable
•If not treated progress to
periodontitis
•Periodontal fiber
reattachement is difficult
•No regain of bone
destructed
Classification
A. Inflammatory
B. Dystrophic (degenerative)
5. Bacterial toxins
• Exotoxins:
– Is protein released extra-cellularly by living cells
• Exotoxins are secreted by many Gram positive
and Gram negative bacteria.
• Endotoxins:
– Is lipopolysaccharide in the cell wall of gram-negative
organisms released at cell death
• Endotoxins are only seen with Gram negative
bacteria.