Green chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances. Green chemistry applies across the life cycle of a chemical product, including its design, manufacture, use, and ultimate disposal

1. Content
GREEN CHEMISTRY INTRODUCTION
THE 12 KEY PRINCIPLES OF GREEN
CHEMISTRY
 EXAMPLES OF THE IMPACT OF GREEN
CHEMISTRY
Production of Hydrazine

2. GREENCHEMISTRY
GREENCHEMISTRY : is the branch of chemistry that
deals with the design and optimization of
processes and products in order to lower, or
remove altogether, the production and use of
toxic substances. Green chemistry is not the
same as environmental chemistry.
The former focuses on the environmental
impact of chemistry and the development of
sustainable practices that are environment-
friendly (such as a reduction in the
consumption of non-renewable resources
and strategies to control environmental
pollution). The latter focuses on the effects

3. green chemistry
(THE 12 KEY PRINCIPLESOF GREENCHEMISTRY)
The twelve principles put forward by the American chemists Paul
Anastas and John Warner in the year 1998 to lay the foundation
for green chemistry are listed below.
 Prevention of waste: Preventing the formation of waste
products is always preferable to the clean-up of the waste
once it is generated.
 Atom economy: The synthetic processes and methods that
are devices through green chemistry must always try to
maximise the consumption and incorporation of all the raw
materials into the final product. This must strictly be followed in
order to minimise the waste generated by any process.
 Avoiding the generation of hazardous
chemicals: Reactions and processes that involve the
synthesis of certain toxic substances that pose hazards to
human health must be optimised in order to prevent the
generation of such substances.

4. process must be minimized to
the maximum possible extent.
Incorporation of renewable feedstock: The use of renewable
feedstock and renewable
raw materials must be preferred over the use of non-
renewable ones.
Incorporation of renewable feedstock: The use of renewable
feedstock and renewable raw
materials must be preferred over the use of non-renewable
ones.
Reduction in the generation of derivatives: The unnecessary
use of derivatives must be
minimalized since they tend to require the use of additional
reagents and chemicals,
resulting in the generation of excess waste.
Incorporation of Catalysis: In order to reduce the energy
requirements of the chemical
reactions in the process, the use of chemical catalysts and
catalytic reagents must be
advocated.

5. Incorporating real-time analysis: Processes and analytical
methodologies must be developed to the point that they can offer
real-time data for their monitoring. This can enable the involved
parties to stop or control the process before toxic/dangerous
substances are formed
Incorporation of safe chemistry for the prevention of
accidents: While designing chemical processes, it is important to
make sure that the substances that are used in the processes are
safe to use. This can help prevent certain workplace accidents,
such as explosions and fires. Furthermore, this can help develop
a safer environment for the process to take place in.

6. Examples of the Impact of Green Chemistry
Use of Green Solvents
Many chemical synthesis reactions that are carried out on an
industrial scale require large amounts of chemical solvents.
Furthermore, these solvents are also used industrially for
degreasing and cleaning purposes. However, many traditional
solvents that have been used for such purposes in the past are
known to be toxic to human beings. Some such solvents are also
known to be chlorinated.
Click here to learn about the different examples of solvents.
The advancement of green chemistry has brought many
alternatives to these toxic solvents. The green solvents that are
coming up as alternatives are known to be derived from
renewable sources and are also known to be biodegradable.
Thus, green chemistry has great potential to lower the toxicity of
certain industrial environments by developing safer alternatives.

7. Development of Specialised Synthetic Techniques
The development of specialised synthetic techniques can
optimise processes in order to make them more environmentally
friendly by making them adhere to the principles of green
chemistry. An important example of such an enhanced synthetic
technique is the development of the olefin metathesis reaction in
the field of organic chemistry. This reaction, developed by Robert
Grubbs, Richard Schrock, and Yves Chauvin, won the Nobel
Prize for Chemistry in the year 2005.
Other notable developments brought forward by advancements in
green chemistry include:
The employment of supercritical carbon dioxide as a green
solvent (as an alternative to other toxic solvents).
Incorporating the use of hydrogen in enantioselective synthesis
reactions (also known as asymmetric synthesis).
Incorporating aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide (a
chemical compound with the formula H2O2) to drive relatively
clean oxidation reactions.

8. Production of Hydrazine
Initially, the most popular method for the production of
hydrazine (an inorganic chemical compound with the
chemical formula N2H4) was the Olin Raschig process,
which involved the use of ammonia and sodium
hypochlorite. However, with the development of green
chemistry, a more environment-friendly alternative to this
process was discovered.
In the peroxide process for the production of hydrazine,
ammonia is reacted with hydrogen peroxide. In this
alternate method, water is produced as the only side
product. It can also be noted that the peroxide process
does not require any auxiliary extracting solvents.
To learn more about green chemistry and other important
branches of chemistry such as stereochemistry, register
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