3. INTRODUCTION
• In the state of Georgia, on
any given night,
approximately 6,000
people are sleeping
unsheltered
• About 700 people die from
hypothermia due to
homelessness in the US
annually
• For comparison, on average
400 people die from police
shootings annually.
5. CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES
• Bivy retails for about $60
on the low end
• Emergency shelters can
be expensive and too
noticeable for use in
urban areas
6. Product Description
Low-cost, high-efficiency thermal insulator that protects the user
from wet, wind, and cold environments commonly faced by the
homeless and/or victims of a disaster.
MISSION STATEMENT
Benefit Proposition
• Can be rapidly distributed
• Waterproofing and heat-reflective
capability
• High efficiency: able to keep a person
warm while lightweight and cheap
Key Business Goals
• Cheap to produce and transport to relief
site
• Environmentally friendly
• Give consumers peace of mind for
emergency preparation
Assumptions and Constraints
• Can be used for rough sleeping and in
shelters
• Waterproof
• Breathable
• Non-Toxic components
• Reusable
Potential Markets
• Homeless and Disaster Relief(PRIMARY)
• Disaster Kits
• Doomsday preppers
• Camping
7. USER NEEDS
Functionality
• Thermally insulating
• No risk of suffocation
• Thermal protection
against ground
• Waterproof
• Wind breaker
Affordability
• Low-cost
Portability
• Simple packing
• Lightweight
• Packs to small volume
• Easy to carry
• Acceptable to mass
transit systems
Safety
• Discrete
• Can see surroundings
from inside
• Antimicrobial
• Condensation escapes
• Meets local
restrictions
• Locking mechanism
Reliability
• Survives opening and
closing
Usability
• Condensation can
escape
• Spatially efficient
• Expandable
• Comfortable
Durability
• Endures one month of
use
• Can be cleaned
• Retains function when
punctured/abraded
• Gouge resistant
8. SUPER GROUP DEFINITION
Functionality- protects against temperatures and weather
Affordability- price range affordable for charities and shelters
Durability- lasts for extended period of time of multiple uses
Safety- does not contribute to increased safety risk
Portability- can be easily packed and moved from place to place
Reliability- works when it needs to work
Usability- nice-to-haves; more about comfort than necessity
10. NEEDS-METRICS MATRIX
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Need
Metric
ThermallyInsulating
InternalTemperature
Breathable
Water-Resistance
Wind-breaking
ConsumerCost
CosttoManufacture
CostofDistribution
PercentRecycledMaterialsUsed
Chemicalresistance
Lifetimeofproduct
UseCyclesuntilfailure
YieldStrength
GlassTransitionTemperature
Loadrequiredtoopen
Visibilityofuser
InternalHumidity
UserVisibility
MicrobialGrowth
Legality
Stepstobreakdown
Timetobreakdown
Nounusedmaterialonproduct
Volumewhenpacked
Weight
FollowsrulesforMARTA,bus,etc.
ConducivetoSleep
Length
Width
Height
SoundDampening
1 Thermally insulating et. al. x x
2 No risk of suffocation x
3 Thermal protection against ground x x
4 Waterproof x
5 Windbreaker/Wind-proof/resistant x
6 Low-cost x x x x
7 Endures one month of use x x x x x
8 Can be cleaned x
9 Functions when abraded etc. x x
10 Gouge resistant x x
11 Discrete x
12 Able to see surroundings from inside x
13 Antimicrobial x
14 Breathable x x
15 Meets restrictions set by locality x
16 Locking mechanism
17 Simple packing x x
18 Lightweight x x
19 Packable to fit in small volume x x
20 Convenient to carry x x x x
21 Carry in mass transit systems x x x x
22 Survives opening and closing x x x x
23 Breathable x x x
24 Spatially efficient x x x x x
25 Expandable x x x
26 Comfortable x x x x x x
11. NEEDS-METRICS MATRIX BREAKDOWN
Part 1
ThermallyInsulating
InternalTemperature
Breathable
Water-Resistance
Wind-breaking
ConsumerCost
CosttoManufacture
CostofDistribution
PercentRecycled
MaterialsUsed
Chemicalresistance
Lifetimeofproduct
UseCyclesuntilfailure
YieldStrength
GlassTransition
Temperature
Loadrequiredtoopen
Visibilityofuser
UserVisibility
MicrobialGrowth
Thermally insulating et. al. x x
No risk of suffocation x
Thermal protection against
ground
x x
Waterproof x
Windbreaker/Wind-
proof/resistant
x
Low-cost x x x x
Endures one month of use x x x x x
Can be cleaned x
Functions when abraded etc. x x
Gouge resistant x x
Discrete x
Able to see surroundings x
Antimicrobial x
12. NEEDS-METRICS MATRIX BREAKDOWN
Part 2
Breathable
Lifetimeofproduct
UseCyclesuntilfailure
YieldStrength
Loadrequiredtoopen
InternalHumidity
Legality
Stepstopack
Timetopack
Nounusedmaterialon
product
Volumewhenpacked
Weight
Allowedonpublic
transportation
ConducivetoSleep
Length
Width
Height
SoundDampening
Breathable x x
Meets local restrictions x
Locking mechanism
Simple packing x x
Lightweight x x
Packable to fit in small volume x x
Convenient to carry x x x x
Carry in mass transit systems x x x x
Survives opening and closing x x x x
Breathable x x x
Spatially efficient x x x x x
Expandable x x x
Comfortable x x x x x x
17. FINAL CONCEPT
• Intense Sleeping Bag
structure
• Using multi-layer insulation
• Waterproof outside layer
• Insulating material between
• Heat-reflective inside layer
• Snaps for closing
mechanism
19. MATERIALS SELECTION: FINAL RESULTS
• LDPE Foam sandwiched
between layers of LDPE
• Single material increases
recyclability
• Aluminized inner layer of
LDPE
• Adds manufacturing cost but
improves functionality
• Snaps made of PVC
• Readily available and low cost
20. MANUFACTURING STEPS
1. Extrude LDPE sheets and
foam
2. Use physical vapor
deposition to aluminize
one LDPE layer
3. Align and cut layers into
units
4. Hot bar weld LDPE layers
together
5. Fasten snaps on edges
21. DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY
Sustainability Measure Product Score ThermArk
Inherent Rather Than
Circumstantial
Designers need to strive to ensure that all materials
and energy inputs and outputs are as inherently
nonhazardous as possible.
Yes
No hazardous waste produced in
manufacture, and product materials are
chosen to minimize health risk
Prevention Instead of
Treatment
It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up
waste after it is formed.
Yes
Process does not produce any harmful
emissions to be scrubbed
Design for Separation
Separation and purification operations should be
designed to minimize energy consumption and
materials use.
Yes Easily separated materials used.
Maximize Efficiency
Products, processes, and systems should be designed
to maximize mass, energy, space, and time efficiency.
Yes
Product and process designed to maximize
efficiency
Output-Pulled Versus
Input-Pushed
Products, processes, and systems should be "output
pulled" rather than "input pushed" through the use of
energy and materials. Demand-Driven Production
No
Market demand and production are based
on emergency preparation.
Conserve Complexity
Embedded entropy and complexity must be viewed as
an investment when making design choices on recycle,
reuse, or beneficial disposition.
Yes
Fabricated from one material so it can be
recycled without separation
22. DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY
Sustainability Measure Product Score ThermArk
Durability Rather Than
Immortality
Targeted durability, not immortality, should be a design
goal.
No Not biodegradeable but recyclable
Meet Need, Minimize
Excess
Design for unnecessary capacity or capability solutions
should be considered a design flaw.
Yes
No extra "bells and whistles" and is a "one-
size fits all" configuration
Minimize Material
Diversity
Material diversity in multi-component products should
be minimized to promote disassembly and value
retention.
Yes
Three materials are used: LDPE, PVC, and
aluminum
Integrate Material and
Energy Flows
Design of products, processes, and systems must
include integration and interconnectivity with available
energy and materials flows.
Yes
Product and energy move linearly through
assembly
Design for Commercial
"Afterlife"
Products, processes, and systems should be designed
for performance in a commercial "afterlife."
Yes May be recycled
Renewable Rather Than
Depleting
Material and energy inputs should be renewable rather
than depleting.
Yes Material can be made of recycled material
23. INDUSTRIAL DESIGN EVALUATION
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Quality of User Interface
Emotional Appeal
Ability to Maintain the Product
Appropriate Use of Resources
Product Differentiation
Percent importance
Performance Rating
24. FINAL DESIGN
• Sleeping bag style design
• Insulation of LDPE foam
between LDPE sheets
• Outside layer is gray
• Inside layer is aluminized
• Adjustable snapping
geometry
• Made from recycled
materials and be recycled
25. BILL OF MATERIALS
Per item Per factory
Purchasedmaterials
(AverageUSD/item)
Processing
(Machine+Labor)
Assembly(labor)
TotalUnitvariable
cost
ToolingandNREs
Toolinglifetime(yr)
Totalunitfixedcost
(peryear)
Total cost
PVC Snaps 0.0429 0.0167 0.0444 0.1040 3770 5 754
6.05x + 2104 (USD/yr)
Outer/Inner
LDPE shells 0.7087 0.0167 0.0056 0.7309 3000 3 1000
LDPE foam 4.7695 0.0167 0.0056 4.7917
Aluminum heat
reflector 0.2555 0.1667 0.0056 0.4277 1000 3 350
Total Labor: $20 per hour 6.0543 2104 x = # units per year
26. FINAL PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
Metric Description Unit Final Product
Thermally insulating BTU/hr 1315.8-1258.9
Breathable mL/hr 0.00027
Water-Resistance % Water absorption @ 24 hours 0.01%
Wind-breaking mph 50
Consumer Cost $ $12
Cost to Manufacture $ per unit $10
Cost of Distribution $ per unit $2
Percent Recycled Materials Used % 0-100%
Lifetime of product Days 25-40
Use Cycles until failure Discrete 90(-20)
Material Strength Yield strength, ksi 1.3-2.1
Load required to open Load, kg 0-10
Chemical Resistance Acceptability Acceptable.
Visibility subjective Outside dull gray color
User Visibility Binary Yes
Microbial Growth CFU's/ml Can be washed to remove bacteria
Steps to set-up/breakdown steps 2-5
Time to set-up/breakdown minutes 1.5-8
No unused material on product Unitless, binary Meets
Volume when packed ft^3 3.672
Weight lb 4.94-4.71
Follows rules for MARTA, bus, etc. Unitless, binary Meets
Conducive to Sleep subjective Provides some cushioning
Length ft 7
Width ft 6
Sound Dampening Db 30-50
27. IS IT FEASIBLE?
• The market exists
• It can save lives
• It is designed to fit the
unique needs of the
homeless
• It has a sustainable
lifecycle
28. LESSONS LEARNED
• Attempting to design concepts without materials influencing
ideas is difficult.
• Look into patents from the beginning, for both ideas and to
see what is done.
• Iteration is the heart of design.
29. REFERENCES
[1] J. Tanner (January 29, 2014), Atlanta ‘Snowpocalypse’ Mocked After2 Inches of Snow Strands Thousands, Atlanta, Ga: Wordpress.com. Retrieved
from: http://pix11.com/2014/01/29/atlanta-snowpocalypse-mocked-on-twitter-after-2-inches-of-snow-strands-thousands/.
[2] No Author (September 2015), 2015 Report on Homelessness; Georgia’s 14,000, Atlanta, Ga: Georgia Department of Community Affairs. Retrieved
from: http://www.dca.state.ga.us/housing/specialneeds/programs/documents/HomelessnessReport2015.pdf.
[3] R. Sturgis, A. Sirgany, M. Stoops, and N. Donovan (January 2010), Winter Homeless Services: Bringing Our Neighbors in from the Cold, Tallahassee, Fl: National Coalition for the
Homeless. Retrieved from: http://www.nationalhomeless.org/publications/winter_weather/report.html.
[4] Clare (May 21, 2015), Global Camping Equipment Market Trend Forecast and Opportunity Analysis, New York, NY: PR Newswire. Retrieved from: http://www.prnewswire.com/news-
releases/global-camping-equipment-market-trend-forecast-and-opportunity-analysis-300087306.html.
[5] D. Ronca (November 24, 2009), How Space Blankets Work, HowStuffWorks.com. Retrieved from: http://adventure.howstuffworks.com/survival/gear/space-blanket.htm.
[6] CES Edupack 2016 (Granta Design Limited, 2016)
[7] No Author (2016), Sleeping Bags, Bivi Bags and Bed Rolls, Worcestershire, England, United Kingdom: SurplusAndOutdoors.com. Retrieved
from: https://www.surplusandoutdoors.com/shop/camping-equipment/sleeping-bags.html.
[8] E. Kucukpinar et al. (June 2014), Determination of Metal Adhesion Strength of Metallized Films by Peel Test, Portugal: Web Coating & Handling Confrence. Retrieved
from: http://www.aimcal.org/uploads/4/6/6/9/46695933/kucukpinar_presentation.pdf.
[9] No Author (2016), Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD), Sigma-Aldrich Co. Retrieved from: http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/materials-science/material-science-
products.html?TablePage=108832720.
[10] H. L. Willis and C.T. Martin (March 28, 2012), ‘An Ordinance to Amend Atlanta Code of Ordinances Chapter 106, Article 1, Section 106-12, Entitled Urban Camping and Improper use of
Public Places; and for Other Purposes’. Atlanta, Ga: City of Atlanta Government. Retrieved from: http://citycouncil.atlantaga.gov/2012/images/adopted/0319/12O0360.pdf.
[11] E. J. Kuncir, R. W. Wirta, and F. L. Golbranson (November 3, 1990), Load-Bearing Characteristics of Polyethylene foam: An Examination of Structural and Compression Properties, San
Diego, Ca: Department of Veterans Affairs. Retrieved from: http://www.rehab.research.va.gov/jour/90/27/3/pdf/kuncir.pdf.
[12] J. Ball (October 6, 2008), Six Products, Six Carbon Footprints: Everybody’s Talking About It. But What Exactly is a Carbon Footprint? And How is it Calculated?, New York, NY: The Wall
Street Journal. Retrieved from: http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122304950601802565.
[13] G. Ogin (2016), How Much Heat Per Hour do Humans Dissipate?, St. Paul, Mn: University of St. Thomas. Retrieved from: http://www.physlink.com/education/askexperts/ae420.cfm.
[14] C. Adams (January 14, 2011), Do You Really Sweat One Liter Each Night?, Washington City Paper. Retrieved from: http://www.washingtoncitypaper.com/news/city-desk.
AP File Photo. Available: http://www.nola.com/news/index.ssf/2009/07/katrinas_displaced_worry_about.html
Décor Linen. Available: http://decorlinen.com/images/blankets/blankets-21.jpg
Amazon. Available: https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/41mKYGT8UeL.jpg
REI. Available: https://www.rei.com/media/e87e205d-46f2-4030-9192-efb04ea819f1
Do we want to call it by description or by coined name??
J-RAD
Good Morning, my name is Jarad Heimer and this is Erin, Kinsey, and Tyler. The product we are designing is a thermal insulator for the homeless and those afflicted by disaster.
March 13th,1993, January 9th, 2011, January 28th, 2014. [Crowd interaction] What significance do this dates have in the history of Atlanta? On each of these dates, Atlanta was critically impacted by a winter storms colloquially named the Blizzard of '93, Snowpocolypse, and snowmeggendon resectively. While we were warm and dry in our houses,dorms, or apartments, the homeless of Atlanta were getting battered by chilling wind, wintery precipitation, and bitter cold even though many may have had jacket and/or blankets. Our product looks to limit these dangers the homeless face and
J-RAD Snowpocalypse 2014 (everyone is rushing home, but some don’t have a home to go to)
J-RAD
*Good to note that GA has one of the lower rates of homelessness (National average is 17.7 per 10,000 people; GA is 13.7 per 10,000 people. DC has 111 per 10,000 people) http://www.endhomelessness.org/page/-/files/2016%20State%20Of%20Homelessness.pdf
J-RAD
Blankets- permeable to wind and water; bulky; not rugged
Emergency Blnket- must be provided by charity or readily availble; rarely last more than a few uses (easily tear);
J-RAD
Other insulation technologies: often too expensive for homeless
Jarad
Mention evolution of mission statement
Our ideas led to the creation of our mission statement.
Erin
Erin
These are the supergroups which apply to all of our user needs
Safety: users need to keep awareness of their surroundings since they don't have homes for protection; also includes need to keep out of the public eye so users are not arrested for urban camping
Portability: we haven't specified how packing is done at this point, just that it is
Erin
These are our ITYs,as you can see Functionality and Affordability are are top two, and usability is our lowest.
Erin
This is our Needs- Metrics Matrix.We ranked our user needs by ITYs, and as you can see there is a trend down the graph.
Erin
The pictures were some sources of inspiration(me personally)
I love the dog – Tyler
Erin
Tyler
Note how we decided to not use any form of accessories (more points of failure, greater complexity, greater cost)
Tyler
Tyler
Tyler
Tyler
Point out snaps along CAD rendering and the decided two row concept to allow for a tight or loose roll
Kinsey
Change last layer to gray aluminized LDPE; top layer to dark grey
Kinsey
General outline in words. You can talk details and explain the processes.
Erin
Erin
Tyler
Explanation of score
Quality of User Interface [7] Interface allows user to get functionality with or without knowing how to use the snaps on the side
Emotional Appeal [2] Emotional appeal comes from helping the user survive, but product is designed to avoid prolonging users' homeless condition
Ability to Maintain Product [4] Primarily made of materials which can be effectively washed with water. Stretched LDPE cannot be returned to its unstretched state
Appropriate Use of Resources [10] No excess material is used on this product, with the exception that the user chooses to not use the snaps Product Differentiation [6] Product is very much like a blanket, but is set apart by waterproofing and cushioning from the ground.
Tyler
SPELL GRAY WITH A!!
How it is better than alternatives?
Use Kinsey’s real model to explain the layering; use computer model to explain snapping system
Kinsey
How many do you need to make per year to hit reasonable number?
Kinsey
-thermally insulating, material strength, water resistance, microbial growth
Talk about how some were estimated (ie- cost of manufacture based on units per year estimate, lifetime estimation, etc)
I can highlight some of the rows that you want to talk about; also I removed ~4 specs to make it fit the slide. No one will notice and no one will miss them.
Kinsey
stat of number of homeless people
Functionality, affordability, portability, and sustainability
