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移工的起源
為了留下勞力密集產業,以「補充性勞力」的名義
引入
後來陸陸續續開放家庭看護工以及幫傭
「客工制度」:嚴格限制工作時間、地點及工資
目前移工管理制度仍有非常多缺點
移工的處境
層層剝削的仲介制度
不得自由轉換雇主
薪資問題:同工不同酬、薪資拖欠
工作內容:超長工時、許可外工作
職災遣返
性侵虐待
救濟制度不佳
移工的處境
層層剝削的仲介制度
 來台灣需透過仲介,要先繳交一筆高額仲介費
 過去三年出國一日的政策造成仲介每三年可以從移工身
上敲詐一筆錢 (現在已取消)
 許多仲介會幫工人刻印章,未經同意就拿存摺去領移工
的錢
移工的處境
不得自由轉換雇主
 政府為了管控移工數量和分布而制定
 移工轉出,雇主會喪失外勞配額,為了保留外勞配額,
許多雇主不會同意勞工轉出
 仲介為了幫雇主保留外勞配額,因為要保全自己業務
 雇主不同意,勞工又無法證明雇主違法時,無論甚麼情
況都無法轉換雇主
移工的處境
職災遣返與虐待
 發生工傷時,比起補償及就醫,仲介通常會建議把勞工
遣送回家
 為了管理移工,仲介雇主常會扣留證件、強迫儲蓄、沒
收手機等逼迫移工
移工的處境
薪資、工時問題及不良的救濟制度
 雇主違法,可打1955,然而許多許可外工作難以查證,
反而讓移工遭受雇主刁難
 若不堪負荷逃跑,則會喪失一切法律保護,無法就醫。
一旦發現會被遣送回國
 若離開工作接受安置,只有2-4個月可以找新工作,且
是被動等待仲介挑選。若找不到也只能被遣送回國
移工的種類
家庭看護工
廠工
漁工
移工的種類
家庭看護工
 沒有納入勞基法,在休假、退休、解雇、職災等沒有法
律保障
 工作內容無明確規範,常做許多「許可外工作」
 工作和家庭領域重疊,上下班時間模糊,常超時工作,
甚至一個月只休假一次
 長照2.0排除看護工:有看護的家庭無法申請喘息服務
移工的種類
廠工
 合約與實際工作不符,到了工廠才知道要做甚麼工作
 沒有完整職訓練,對機台、工作等不熟悉
 沒有適當安全裝備及設備,容易發生職災。但職災發生
時卻又被遣返回國。
 容易面臨欠薪,扣加班費,或是許可外工作、工時過長
移工的種類
漁工
 由於台灣漁船勞動環境惡劣,中國漁工不來而開始引進
東南亞漁工
 移工中最窮的往往會成為漁工,因為仲介費較便宜。更
窮的會去做境外漁工,許多仲介會假造證件,因此根本
無法追查這些漁工動向
 境外漁工不受勞基法保護,薪資全由雇主決定,沒有最
低薪資,容易被苛扣,甚至做白工
 在船上常遭打罵,但無人也無法可管
台灣國際勞工協會(TIWA)
台灣民間成立的組織
 協助移工處理勞資爭議、找工作、就醫、陪伴
 安排包含中文課等各種課程
 困境:遭受惡意批評幫外勞欺負台灣人、賺取安置費用
等

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