2. INTRODUCTION
Balantidium coli is a parasitic specie of
ciliate protozoan responsible for the
disease balantidiasis.
Balantidium coli is the largest
protozoan and the only ciliate known
to parasitize humans
3. TAXONOMY
Belongs to the family CILIOPHORA
Class;Litostometea
Order;Vestibuliferida
Family;Balantidiidae
Habitat;Large intestine of man, pig[main reservoir] and other animals
4. BALANTIDIOSIS
It is a zoonotic disease. It is acquired
by humans via the fecal-oral route
from the normal host , THE PIG ,
where it is asymptomatic
9. TROPHOZOITE
Oval pointed at anterior end
50-13oum long
Covered in cilia
Non-infective
Reproduce by binary fission and conjugation
Micronuclei and macronuclei
10. CYST
Spherical
40-60um across
Covered with thick, hard cyst wall with cilia
Infective
Non-reproduction
Macronuclie
11. LIFE CYCLE
Life cycle completed in a single host natural hosts
Pigs Accidental host
Route;ingestion
Reproduction;asexual and sexual
12. LIFE CYCLE
The life cycle is as follow;
The cyst is the infective stage of balantidium coli life cycle
Once the cyst is ingested via feces-contaminated food or water it passes
through the host digestive system
There excystation takes place in the small intestine
Excystation produces a trophozoite from the cyst stage
13. The motile trophozoite then resides in the lumen of the large intestine,
feeding on intestinal nutrients
Trophozoites multiply by asexual binary fission or sexual conjugation
The trophozoite may become invasive and penetrate the mucosa of the large
intestine
Trophozoites are released with the feces and encyst to form new cyst
Cysts in the environment are then ready to infect another host .
14. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
Acute even hemorrhagic
Diarrhea
Ulceration to gut wall
Dysentery
Colitis[An inflammatory reaction in the colon often auto-immune or infection]
Abdominal pain
15. DIAGNOSIS
Examination of patients stool
Biopsy
Sigmoid scope is used to visually inspect the last sections of the large
intestine
16. TREATMENT
Three drugs are commonly used and administered orally
1.Tetracycline
2.Metronidazole
3.Iodoquinol
18. PREVENTION AND CONTROL
Avoid ingestion of material contaminated with animal feces
Prevention and control sanitary disposal of human and pig feces
Treatment of infected pigs
Prevention of fecal contamination of food and water.