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攤販自我治理與Maxwell street market
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Morale 2010, Planning and Self-organization of Marketplace.
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攤販自我治理與Maxwell street market
1.
PLANNING AND THE
SELF- ORGANIZATION OF MARKETPLACES Alfonso Morales R04544008 吳柏澍 Maxwell Street Market
2.
Margaret Meade, anthropologist filming
Maxwell street 沒有管理者,攤販共 存? 收到一封e-mail : 如果沒有市場管理者,攤 販自營的市場...可行嗎? 「自我組織」是一個規劃 選項嗎? 1973-1994 ,攤販自我管理 Maxwell Street 市場。
3.
本文要點 • 規劃者/空間專業者應該將 自我治理
當成是一種政策工具選項。 • 從政府到治理,治理到參與,規劃理論認為「互動」能提升參與。 • 從實用主義借用互動概念。 • 從Maxwell Street Market的經驗中發現,多族裔的空間並不會影響自 我治理。 • 自我治理不是萬靈丹,作為治理工具的選項之一,能讓規劃者做其他 事情,例如:新商業活動從街頭開始,小企業到街店營業。 • 透過攤販自治的協同治理,能創造更多公共資源。
4.
本文論證架構 ➤ 規劃理論:治理與參與的文獻 從政府到治理:由上而下+由下而上的方法論 治理加入參與、社區參與:如何提高參與? Jacobs,Sennett,Furg 日常生活之「互動」提高參與 ➤
從實用主義的觀點看攤販自我組織 實用主義互動理論:社會行動+設身處地角色扮演 達到治理目的:促進公益、培育小企業 ➤ Case Study : Maxwell Street 分配攤位的方法:公司型+鑲嵌型+混合型 新來的如何加入?
5.
所謂的Maxwell Street 傳統熱狗
Maxwell Street Blue 1870年 每天營業 1912年 市府派駐市場主 1974年 貪腐下台改自治 經歷大學開發,以及族群衝突: 猶太→非裔→墨裔→多族裔混合 早期芝加哥的中心,位在芝加哥的東南邊。 歷史悠久:100多年的歷史,歷經多次變遷 多族裔空間:猶太、非裔、義大利、希臘.... Maxwell Street Market
6.
MAXWELL STREET MARKET
位在芝加哥城的東南邊
7.
芝加哥MAXWELL STREET MARKETPLACE 管理者 政策 時間 1912-1972
1973-1994 1995-now 金權市場 申請執照 First come, first serve 消費者管理處市場master 攤販自治 攤販自治分配攤位 自我治理 從「政府」到「治理」:參與 規劃目的是公益 規劃理論 規劃理論不處理互動? 求救 實用主義 「互動」促進參與 ↓ ↓ 如何?透過互動 ↓ 修補問題 ↓ 互動理論 社會行動 設身處地 攤位分配 公司型 鑲嵌型 確保器材 “Tenure” 60%30% 新進者:學習攤位分配制度 朋友關係 放任政策產生自我治理 ↓ 混合型:複雜的互動網絡
8.
從政府到治理 • 回顧市場管理歷史,20世紀以 前的市場都是自我管理。接著 ,國家介入提供基礎設施、保 安、規劃經濟與商業活動。從 監控與官僚範型轉換:新的治 理型態與多目標的規劃 • 從政府到治理,由上而下到由 下而上:治理包含參與,是規 劃的長城目標:社區參與 ......more? •
Jacobs 認為日常生活 的互動能提高參與,鄰 里就是自我治理的範型 • Sennett 認為混亂、衝 突、失序,可以誘發實 驗、創新,鼓勵互動能 創造自我治理 • 借用實用主義的互動理 論。 從治理到參與
9.
實用主義的互動理論 • 規劃沒有互動理論,借用實用主義G.H.Mead 的互動理論 •
問題情境的異質興趣,透過設身處地與社會互動,考量他者差異的反 應。從情境互動,誘發串連他人,形成新的衝力impulse. 治理、國家中心、混合、自我治理:治理型態衍伸不同的治理策略,複數的政治 Impulse Perception Manipulation Consummation Delay 考量他者 差異反應 個人行動 社會行動 情境互動:問題情境 Impulse B 解決問題導向的互動
10.
互動中解決衝突→自我治理的基礎 分配攤販空間:無紙化合約、社會關係 Tenure :轉租、租賃、繼承、買賣 保有多重關係多重確保攤位 公司型v.s鑲嵌關係型 其實,每個攤販都是混合型 市場master制度腐敗 因為市場仍然有利可圖 →需要有效分配的方式 治理範型轉換: 恐懼與卡里斯馬
11.
新進者如何加入? • Pancho,皮帶販售者 • 合法性並非由市府的執照授與,而是社會關係 •
驅趕中學會攤位分配制度 • 一邊維持關係,一邊尋找機會 • 繼承空間,也繼承社會關係,鄰攤關係超越族裔關係 • 攤位確保器具:未保證僅警示,深化鑲嵌,節省勞力並且感到安適 • 是商業行為,也是進一步鑲嵌
12.
• 本研究反擊Umemoto and
Suryanata:族裔化未必不利自我治理 • 複數政治:多目標的治理策略,攤販自治協同治理 • 攤販自治:最知道問題的人解決問題(實用主義) • 節省管理:成本轉作培育、地方營造與加強硬體 • 市場領袖:成為公眾人物加強自我管理的合法性(理論實踐),管理 者也接受自我管理作為一種規劃治理的政策工具。 • 包容性的規劃治理:進一步深化由下而上治理,有很多天然盟友 結論
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