Computer generations

1. Evolution of Computing
PRESENTED BY : TOUSIF AZIM
BSC DATA SCIENCE 2023 BATCH
First Semester

2. -: INTRODUCTION :-
Computer generations refer to distinct phases or eras in the history of computing technology
characterized by significant advancements and changes in hardware,software,and computing
capabilities.These generations mark the evolution of computers from large,room-sized machines with
limited processing power to the powerful and compact devices we use today.Each generation brought
innovations that revolutionized the field of computing,making it essential to understand these stages to
appreciate the progress and development in technology.
Understanding computer generations is significant because it helps us appreciate how technology has
evolved over time.It allows us to see how computers went from being huge and slow machines to the
small and fast devices we use today.This knowledge helps us make better decisions about which
technologies to use and how to adapt to the ever-changing world of computing.
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Presented by: Tousif Azim

3. -: FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS (1940s-1950s) :-
First-generation computers,developed in the 1940s and 1950s
Characteristics: They were massive, room-sized machines that used vacuum tubes for processing and
magnetic drums for memory storage.These computers had very limited processing power and were incredibly
slow compared to modern standards.They required a significant amount of electricity and generated a lot of heat,
making them challenging to operate.
Use: They were primarily used for scientific and military applications,contributing to important advancements in
fields like mathematics,physics,and cryptography.
Examples: ENIAC and UNIVAC.
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First Generation Computer
Presented by: Tousif Azim

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-: SECOND GENERATION COMPUTERS (1950s-1960s) :-
Second-generation computers,which emerged in the 1950s and 1960s.
Advancements: The most notable improvement was the replacement of vacuum tubes with transistors.Transistors
were smaller,more reliable,and generated less heat compared to vacuum tubes,making computers more
compact and efficient.
Programming use: the development of high-level programming languages like FORTRAN and COBOL made
programming more accessible,allowing for the creation of a wider range of applications.These advancements in
hardware and software set the stage for the further evolution of computers in subsequent generations.
Examples: IBM 1620,CDC 1604,UNIVAC 1108 etc.
Second Generation Computer
Presented by: Tousif Azim

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-:THIRD GENERATION COMUTERS (1960s-1970s) :-
Third-generation computers,which emerged in the 1960s and 1970s.
Advancements: One of the most prominent features of this generation was the use of integrated circuits (ICs).
Integrated circuits combined multiple transistors and other electronic components onto a single silicon chip .This
miniaturization led to the development of smaller and more powerful computers.Third-generation computers also
introduced the use of operating systems,which simplified computer operations and improved multitasking
capabilities.
Programming use: High-level programming languages like Pascal and C were developed during this era,making
software development more efficient and accessible.
Examples: IBM 370,PDP-11,Honeywell-6000,ICL 2900 etc.
Presented by: Tousif Azim
Third Generation Computer

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-: FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS (1970s-1980s) :-
The fourth generation of computers,which emerged in the 1970s and extended into the 1980s.
Developments: the invention of microprocessors and the rise of personal computers.Microprocessors,such
as Intel's 4004 and 8008, allowed for the integration of the entire CPU onto a single chip.This innovation made
computers significantly smaller,more affordable,and energy-efficient.
Advantages: These personal computers supported a wide range of applications,including word processing and
spreadsheets,which accelerated their adoption in homes and offices.
Examples: IBM 4341,STAR 1000,PUP 11,DEC 10 etc.
Presented by: Tousif Azim
Fourth Generation Computer

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-: FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTERS (1980s-Present) :-
The fifth generation of computers,which emerged in the 1980s and continues to the present.
Characteristics: It is characterized by its strong emphasis on three key areas Artificial Intelligence (AI), parallel
processing, and supercomputers.
Advancements: AI became a central focus as researchers aimed to create computers capable of human-like
reasoning,problem-solving,and understanding natural language.Parallel processing,involving the simultaneous
execution of multiple tasks or threads,significantly enhanced computational speed and efficiency.
Innovations: Innovations in fields like machine learning,natural language processing,and data analysis,
shaping our modern digital landscape and enabling technologies like voice assistants,autonomous vehicles,and
advanced scientific research.
Examples: Param 1000,Intel P4,IBM Laptops etc.
Presented by: Tousif Azim
Fifth Generation Computer

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Presented by: Tousif Azim
-: CONCLUSION :-
As we explore the fascinating world of computing,I encourage you to take a moment to appreciate the
remarkable journey it has undertaken.From the massive room-sized machines of the first generation to
the supercomputers and artificial intelligence of the fifth generation,computing technology has evolved
at an astonishing pace.This journey has not only reshaped our daily lives but has also fueled innovation in
science,industry,and communication.
Think about it: we've gone from cumbersome punch cards and magnetic drums to pocket-sized
smartphones with more power than those early computers could ever dream of.The evolution of computing
is a testament to human ingenuity,collaboration,and our insatiable curiosity to push the boundaries of
what's possible.
As we navigate our increasingly digital world,understanding this journey allows us to make informed
decisions,adapt to new technologies,and appreciate the incredible progress we've made.So, let's marvel
at the past, embrace the present, and eagerly anticipate the exciting future that computing continues
to unfold before us.It's a journey worth celebrating and cherishing.Thank you.