a blockchain study

1. BLOCKCHAIN

2. DESIGNTECHNOLOGY BUSINESS
OVERVIEW
To familiarize ourselves with the potential implementations of blockchain
technology, we must explore the concept through three separate paradigms:
technology, business, and user experience. Bellow are questions whose answers
are integral to understanding and applying blockchain. We hope to answer through
graphic visualizations of conceptual systems
What is a distributed vs centralized ledger?
What is a blockchain?
How does it work?
How is it maintained?
How will blockchain inpact business
enterprise?
What businesses should adopt blockchain?
What are the advantages of switching to a
blockchain platform?
How can blockchain enterprise be integrated
to current systems?
What design opportunities does blockchain
open?
What constraints does it set?
How should an experience designed on
blockchain
look and feel?

3. Currently, most transaction computing is managed in a
centralized infrastructure, wherein all computing resources
reside in a primary data-center. The alternative to this is a
distributed ledger, in which components are located on individual,
networked computers.
Centralized Database
Internal and external reconciliation required
No restrictions
Single point of failure
Single point of control
Unnecessary gateways and middlemen
Cryptography must be added as afterthought
Backups must be set up manually
Distributed Ledger

4. Blocks are records of transactions whose content has
been pushed through a hash function. This hash function
creates a cybercriptic hash (a unique fingerprint) for that
file.
This hash is now assigned to the transaction
and is a direct result of the document’s content.
Because of this, no two hashes are the same.
transaction #1
e03fswe4
hash:
HASH FUNCTION

5. App Development
Patient records
Recordkeeping
(M
icro)paym
ents
Information Reliability
Home automation
Reputation management
Enables authenticity of a review
Digital identity
IT portal
Digitizing assets
Decentralized Internet and
computing resources
Company incorporations
Ride-sharing
Marketplace for sales and
purchases of digital assets:
Digitization of documents/contracts
Digital security trading
Valuable assets
Digital content:
Decentralized storage
Prediction platform
P2P transction
Digitizing assets
OPPORTUNITIES: CASES
App Development
Proof of ownership of modules in app development
Digital content:
Proof of ownership for digital content storage and delivery
Ride-sharing:
Points-based value transfer for ride-sharing
Digital security trading:
Ownership and transfer
Digitization of documents/contracts:
Digitization of documents/contracts and proof of ownership for transfers
Decentralized storage:
Decentralized storage using a network of computers on blockchain
Company incorporations:
Digitizing company incorporations, transfer of equity/ownership and governance
Decentralized Internet and computing resources:
Decentralized Internet and computing resources to cover every home and business
Home automation:
Platform to link the home network and electrical devices to the cloud
Digital identity:
Provides digital identity that protects consumer privacy
Escrow/custodian service:
Escrow/custodian service for the gaming industry; loan servicing and e-commerce
IT portal:
A smart contract IT portal executing order fulfillment in ecommerce/manufacturing
Patient records:
Decentralized patient records management
Digitizing assets:
Improves anti-counterfeit measures
Reputation management:
Helps users engage, share reputation and collect feedback
Prediction platform:
Decentralized prediction platform for the share markets, elections, etc.
Enables authenticity of a review:
Enables authenticity of a review through trustworthy endorsements for
employee peer reviews
Marketplace for sales and purchases of digital assets:
Proof of ownership and a marketplace for sales and purchases of digital assets
Valuable assets:
tracks and protects valuable assets throughout their lifetime journey
P2P transction:
Makes the transaction entire process easier and cheaper without mediator.

6. OPPORTUNITIES
There are considered opportunities for organizations that
adopt blockchain technology internally using bespoke
blockchains or so-called side-chains, which provide
some interoperability with public blockchains, like
Bitcoin. while adding new functionality. Perhaps the most
significant opportunity, though, comes from blockchains
that link currently disparate parts of one enterprise
together or even many different organizations from within
the same sector. -From Deloitte UK
Small Merchants
in lieu of cash
Steamlined
Bearer Instrument
Auditing
Data Ownership
+ Sales
Standardization
Personal Data
Supply Chain
IoT Logs
Copyright
Rent
Shipping
Music Distribution
Smart Contracts
Antifraud
Travel
Consensus
+Truth
Recordkeeping
(M
icro)paym
ents
Information Reliability

7. Blocks are connected in a chain to other blocks which each have
individual hashes. They hold this and the hash of the previous
block in the sequence.
transaction #1
e03fswe4
hash:
transaction #2
we832fw1
hash:
e03fswe4
previous:
transaction #3
ff94023a
hash:
we832fw1
previous:
HASH FUNCTION HASH FUNCTION

8. If any document is changed within the blockchain, it will produce
a new hash that will not correspond to what the subsequent
block had encrypted as the previous. This makes any apparent
tampering of documents immediately identifyable.
In this blockhain, the original file within a block have been altered
in some way. When pushed through the hash function, the
different data will generate a different hash. However, this new
hash does not correspond to what is indicated as the previous
hash on the next block. It is clear data was tampered with.
transaction #1
e03fswe4
hash:
transaction #2
we832fw1
hash:
e03fswe4
previous:
transaction #3
ff94023a
hash:
we832fw1
previous:
transaction #4
q129f2w1
hash:
ff94023a
previous:
transaction #5
f28h39fs
hash:
q129f2w1
previous:
transaction #6
bl90s8v
hash:
f28h39fs
previous:
transaction #1
e03fswe4
hash:
transaction #2
pp21ef8
hash:
e03fswe4
previous:
transaction #3
ff94023a
hash:
we832fw1
previous:
transaction #4
q129f2w1
hash:
ff94023a
previous:
transaction #5
f28h39fs
hash:
q129f2w1
previous:
transaction #6
bl90s8v
hash:
f28h39fs
previous:
we832fw1 == we832fw1
pp21ef8 != we832fw1
Within this blockchain, every hash corresponds to what is indicated as the
previous hash on the next block. The blockchain is valid.
HASH FUNCTION

9. This unique characteristic of the blockchain, in addition to the
distributed infrastructure, creates a system in which if one server
is fails, the system stays in tact, and if any document is altered, it
is immediately identifiable.

10. CAR LIFE CYCLE RECORD: BLOCKCHAIN SYSTEM
Blockchain
SUPPLY CHAIN
GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT
PRODUCTION
Voitures
DEALERSHIP INSURANCE MAINTANENCE COLLISION
$
RESALE
This diagram shows how a blockchain system could keep a record
of each event along a vehicle’s life cycle. Each of these touch
points represents an need for interaction designers to create an
interface or system to facilitate the recording.

11. CAR LIFE CYCLE RECORD: BLOCKCHAIN SYSTEM
While the task in every touch point is to upload transaction
information onto the blockchain, the context, content, and
user will differ in each. This means each have unique design
considerations.
Blockchain
SUPPLY CHAIN PRODUCTION
Voitures
DEALERSHIP INSURANCE MAINTENANCE COLLISION
$
RESALE
User: worldwide parts manufacturers
Content: proof of part production
Context: shipping stage of manufacturing
User: car salesman
Content: proof of sale
Context: auto dealership facilities
User: service engineer
Content: proof servicing
Context: auto service facilities
User: used car salesman
Content: proof of sale
Context: used auto dealership platform
User: insurance company
Content: proof of sale
Context: insurance purchase platform
User: police officer
Content: evidence of collision
Context: on-the-scene location
User: car manufacturer
Content: vehicle certifications
Context: car manufacturing facilities

12. CUSTOMER
broken car
cost of parts*
cost of labor
request for parts
cost of parts*
parts
parts
labor
#1
#2
#1
#2
#1
#1
#2
The manufacturer and the mechanic both
receive the same record of the transaction
that occurred between them
The customer and the mechanic both receive
the same record of the transaction that
occurred between them
MECHANIC
MANUFACTURERMANUFACTURER #1
This diagram describes the current system of recording
transactions between a customer, mechanic, and manufacturer in
the process of servicing a car.
#1 #2

13. This diagram describes a system of recording transactions
between a customer, mechanic, and manufacturer in the process
of servicing a car through a blockchain platform.
request for parts
cost of parts*
parts
broken car
cost of parts*
cost of labor
parts
labor
CUSTOMER
The transaction between the manufacturer
and mechanic is recorded as a block within a
distributed ledger
the transaction between the mechanic and
the customer is recorded as the next block
in that ledger
#1
#2
MECHANIC
MANUFACTURER
*The blockchain platform, wherein one
transaction is built on top of the other,links
the data within the interactions and makes it
impossible for information from the previous
one to be altered.
The mechanic cannot alter the cost of
parts.
#1 #2

14. MUSIC SALE RECORD: BLOCKCHAIN SYSTEM
This diagram shows how a blockchain system could keep
a record of each event following the making and sales of
music. Each of these touch-points represents an need for
interaction designers to create an interface or system to
facilitate the recording.
Blockchain
Writing
tr acking ownership
preventing
theft
rough cuts recording t akes post produc tion distribution record sales
$
money f lo w
tr acking numbers

15. MUSIC SALE RECORD: CURRENT SYSTEM
This diagram describes the current system of tracking music
between the artists, producers, and the customers in the process
of writing and selling songs.
CUSTOMERS
money
contract
rights to the music
#1
#2
#1
#2
#1
#1
#2
the contract between writer and producer
ensures a strict record of what music gets
released and the copy-write of that music.
the customer and the producer both have a
receipt of the sale.
PRODUCER
MANUFACTURERWRITER #1
lyric and
composition
#1 #2
*because there are so many directions that
a song can travel once it leaves the hands of
the writer, there is a vast margin for
copy-write infringement, contract abuse
and illegal use of the song

16. MUSIC SALE RECORD: BLOCKCHAIN SYSTEM
This diagram describes a system of recording
transactions and tracking the journey of a song between
a writer, producer and customer in the process of writing
and selling songs.
contract
lyric and
composition
money
rights to the music
CUSTOMERS
the transaction between thewriter and
producer is recorded as a block within a
distributed ledger
the transaction between the producer and
the customer is recorded as the next block
in that ledger
#1
#2
PRODUCER
WRITER
*the blockchain platform, wherein one
transaction is built on top of the other,links
the data within the interactions and makes it
impossible for information from the previous
one to be altered.
Every transaction is recorded and linked to
the consumer – therefore preventing theft.
#1 #2