This document discusses the history and development of biotech startups in the San Francisco Bay Area and Kyoto, Japan. It provides examples of major biotech companies that originated as startups, including Genentech, which was the first successful biotech startup founded in 1976. It also outlines the typical stages and costs of developing healthcare products, from target discovery through clinical trials to market approval. Finally, it discusses strategies that Kyoto University is taking to support and spark new biotech startups, such as the SPARK program that provides space, funding and mentoring for up to 12 startups per year.

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9. Cost Structure of Development for
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16. SPARK
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17. SPARKing Industry in Start-Ups
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