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GWASを用いた兵庫県黒毛和種集団の
繁殖形質に関わる遺伝子の探索
農学研究科 資源生命科学専攻
応用動物学講座 動物遺伝育種学教室
149A217A 田村朋子
背景・目的
黒毛和種の育種改良
繁殖形質に関わる遺伝子座の探索
DNAマーカーの開発
<問題点>
*枝肉の改良(脂肪交雑、枝肉重量…etc)
→輸入牛肉との差別化を図る
初産月齢、分娩間隔は過去15年間横ばい状態
*繁殖能力の改良(初産月齢、分娩間隔…etc)
→高い生産効率による経営の安定化、供給量の増加
対象形質 頭数 遺伝率
初産月齢 638 0.117 兵庫県
分娩間隔 全産次 575 0.045 兵庫県
分娩間隔 1-2産次 557 0.054 兵庫県
分娩間隔 2-3産次 557 0.049 兵庫県
分娩間隔 1-2-3産次 557 0.029 兵庫県
子牛生産指数 571 0.098 全国平均
兵庫県黒毛和種集団
繁殖雌牛
*初産月齢
*分娩間隔 全産次、1-2-3産次
*子牛生産指数
各形質に用いたモデル式
y = 平均 + 出産年 + 出産月 + 子牛性別 + 繁殖農家 + b1(子牛近交) + b2(本牛近交) + b3(出産年齢) + b4(出産年齢)2
+ 育種価 + 恒久環境効果 + e
y = 平均 + 出産年 + 出産月 + 子牛性別 + 栄養度 + 繁殖農家 + b1(子牛近交) + b2(本牛近交) + 育種価 + e
y = 平均 + 出産年 + 出産月 + 移動 + 採卵の有無 + 繁殖農家 + b1(本牛近交) + b2(栄養度) + b3(栄養度)2 + 育種価 + e
赤枠で示したものをSNP(一塩基多型)の効果として評価した。
*分娩間隔 1-2産次、2-3産次
y = 平均 + 出産年 + 出産月 + 子牛性別 + 繁殖農家 + b1(子牛近交) + b2(本牛近交) + b3(出産年齢) + b4(出産年齢)2
+ 育種価 + e
サンプル・方法
1産次 2産次 3産次
1産次 2産次
e1 e2
e1
4産次
e3
SNPの効果である“e”を求める計算式の違いによって形質を区別した。
→全産次: 全産次の分娩間隔の平均
1-2産次: 1-2産次の分娩間隔
2-3産次: 2-3産次の分娩間隔
1-2-3産次: 1-2-3産次の分娩間隔の平均
2産次 3産次
e2
5産次
e4
全産次
e1-e4の平均値を使用
1-2産次
2-3産次
1産次 2産次 3産次
e1 e2
1-2-3産次
e1の値を使用
e2の値を使用
e1-e2の平均値を使用
分娩間隔について
全638頭の中から選出した、三形質(初産月齢、分娩間隔、子牛生産指数)の
全てのデータを有している236 頭に対してBovineSNP50 v2 BeadChipを用いて
54,609 SNPsの遺伝子型判定を行った
ゲノムワイド関連解析(GWAS)
データのQuality Check
SNPに対して: miner allele frequency (maf) < 0.01, call rate < 0.95,
ハーディーワインベルグ平衡逸脱(P ≦ 0.001) を満たすSNPを除いた
個体に対して: call rate < 0.90 を満たす個体を除いた
解析には32,796 SNPsと234 頭を用いた
GRAMMAR法 by PLINK によってGWASを行った
サンプル・方法
産次 CHR SNP bp P-value MAF Chromosome wide 5%
全産次
23
23
ARS-BFGL-NGS-14941
ARS-BFGL-NGS-117031
25,062,520
25,222,914
4.46E-05
6.19E-05
0.233
0.241
7.34E-05
7.34E-05
1-2産次
18 Hapmap24845-BTA-147038 8,849,584 7.94E-06 0.081 6.36E-05
19 UA-IFASA-7043 21,569,741 5.31E-05 0.114 6.27E-05
19 ARS-BFGL-NGS-117484 56,495,427 5.62E-05 0.241 6.27E-05
19 ARS-BFGL-NGS-89862 56,660,567 5.30E-05 0.197 6.27E-05
26 Hapmap39418-BTA-61060 756,489 4.20E-05 0.427 7.11E-05
26 BTB-02048878 874,754 4.32E-05 0.429 7.11E-05
(参考)
4
4
BTB-01640588
BTB-00187201
58,171,808
61,075,731
4.90E-05
4.89E-05
0.440 3.26E-05
3.26E-050.469
1-2-3産次 X ARS-BFGL-NGS-115075 32,905,895 3.73E-05 0.027 1.01E-04
全産次分娩間隔
1-2産次分娩間隔
2-3産次分娩間隔
1-2-3産次分娩間隔
③
②
①
④
⑤
⑥
⑦
結果 全8領域で水準を超える候補領域が検出された
⑧
CHR SNP bp P-value MAF Chromosome wide 5%
26 ARS-BFGL-NGS-100468 38,060,272 5.70E-05 0.447 7.08E-05
子牛生産指数
初産月齢
結果
候補領域は検出されず
検出された領域の近傍に存在すると報告されている遺伝子の中から
繁殖形質に関連する可能性の高い遺伝子を取り上げた
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
0 10 20 30 40 50
-Log10(P-value)
position (Mbp)
全産次分娩間隔 – 第23番染色体
有意水準は各染色体ごとに補正を行った値を用いた。
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
24 24.5 25 25.5 26 26.5 27
-Log10(P-value)
position (Mbp)
GSTA2GSTA3
GSTA2(glutathione S-transferase alpha 2)及びGSTA3
BTA23の有意なSNPから上流170-240 kbpに位置。卵巣のステロイド生産が盛
んな細胞に発現(Rabahi et.al. 1999 )。ProgesteroneやEstrogenは卵巣で生
産されるステロイドホルモンであり、本遺伝子が分娩間隔などの繁殖形質に関
連する可能性がある。
結果
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
-Log10(P-value)
position (Mbp)
1-2産次分娩間隔 – 第19番染色体
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
55 55.5 56 56.5 57 57.5 58
-Log10(P-value)
position (Mbp)
GRB2
GRB2(growth factor receptor-bound protein2)
BTA19の56 Mbpに検出された有意なSNPから下流100 kbpに位置。ヒトにおい
て胎盤での発現量が母体に悪影響を与える子癇前症に関連することが報告され
ている(Anteby et.al. 2005 )。
ウシにおいても本遺伝子が繁殖形質に関連する可能性がある。
有意水準は各染色体ごとに補正を行った値を用いた。
結果
Bovine 50k SNP情報をGWASに適用することで、繁殖
形質との関連が認められる8つの候補染色体領域を同
定した。
残り6つの候補領域においても繁殖形質に関連のあ
る新規の責任遺伝子および変異が存在することを示
唆しており、今後これらの領域においてさらなる解
析を行うことにより、繁殖形質の改良に有効なDNA
マーカーの同定が可能であると期待される。
第23番染色体と第19番染色体の56 Mbpの候補領域に
は繁殖形質の責任遺伝子となり得る候補遺伝子を検
出した。
総括

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Editor's Notes

  1. 個体に対して: call rate < 0.95 を満たす個体を除く。該当個体が3 頭。                             (以降の結果に考慮する事を忘れていました。)