In this presentation we have described about chronic kidney disease in details.Anyone will be able to understand all the contents.In This presentation we have used easier language to make it more understandable.

2. INDEX
DEFINITION
01
RISK FACTORS
02
SIGN AND
SYMPTOMS
03
DIAGNOSIS
04
TREATMENT
05
CASE STUDY
06

3. What Is CKD??

4. CKD is classified into 1to5 stages by cause of kidney disease, glomerular filtration rate
(GFR) category, and albuminuria level-

5. Risk factors

6. Sign and Symptoms
 Albuminuria of more than 30
mg/day, hematuria or red cell casts
in urine sediment.
 Weight loss and poor appetite
 Swollen ankles, feet or hands- as a result
of water retention (oedema)
 Shortness of breath
 Tiredness
 Blood in your pee (urine)
 Erectile dysfunction in men An increased
need to pee- particularly at night
 Difficulty sleeping (insomnia)
 Itchy skin
 Muscle cramps
 Headaches

7. Diagnosis
Tests For CKD:
Blood test
 The main test for kidney disease is
a blood test(measures the levels
creatinine in your blood.)
 This calculation is known as your
estimated glomerular filtration
rate (eGFR).
 Healthy kidneys should be able to
filter more than 90ml/min. You
may have CKD if your rate is
lower than this.

8. Diagnosis
 Urine test
 check the levels of substances
called albumin and creatinine in
your urine – known as the
albumin : creatinine ratio, or
ACR.check for blood or protein
in your urine
Other tests:
an ultrasound scan, MRI scan or CT
scan – to see what the kidneys look like
and check whether there are any
blockages
a kidney biopsy – a small sample of
kidney tissue is removed using a needle
and the cells are examined under a
microscope for signs of damage

11. Treatments For CKD
NONPHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY
Restriction
Of protein
Encourage
smoking
cessation
Encourage
exercise
Achievement
of BMI OF 20-
25KG/m2

12. Treatments For CKD
PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY
Anemia
of CKD
Phosophate
Bindng
Agents

13. Treatments For End Stage

14. Treatments for end-stage
Dialysis.
Dialysis artificially removes waste products
and extra fluid from your blood when
your kidneys can no longer do this. In
hemodialysis, a machine filters waste
and excess fluids from your blood. In
peritoneal dialysis, a thin tube
(catheter) inserted into your abdomen
which fills your abdominal cavity with
a dialysis solution that absorbs waste
and excess fluids. After a period of
time, the dialysis solution drains from
your body, carrying the waste with it.

15. Treatments for end-stage
Kidney transplant
A kidney transplant involves surgically
placing a healthy kidney from a donor into
your body. Transplanted kidneys can come
from deceased or living donors. You'll need
to take medications for the rest of your life
to keep your body from rejecting the new
organ. You don't need to be on dialysis to
have a kidney transplant.

18. Clinical Case Study
Mohammad Fardous Alam
Khan, a 44-year-old man, was
visited to the hospital because of
increasing the rate of urination
specially at night. For the past
few days he experiencing
swollen ankles, difficulty in
sleeping, also he notice the blood
in his urine.

19. Clinical Case Study
Physician’s Examination
●BP: 140/100
●Pulse: 76
●Lungs: 56
●Oedema: (+)
●Anaemia: (+)
●Abdomen: Yes

20. Diagnostic Test and Repot

21. Prescription

22. Dialysis Report

23. Evaluation
●There's no cure for chronic kidney
disease (CKD), but treatment can
help relieve the symptoms and stop
it getting worse.
●Treatment will depend on the
stage of CKD.

25. “take care
of your
kidneys”