DrTAD 2018 UWB and TUV, Pilsen, CR - PHOTOGRAMMETRY METHODOLOGY, DIGITALIZATION OF SCULPTING MODELS & DESIGN

UNIVERSITY OF WEST BOHEMIA, PILSEN, CZECH REPUBLIC
25 – 29 JUNE 2018
ASF, DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
PHOTOGRAMMETRY METHODOLOGY, DIGITALIZATION
OF SCULPTING MODELS & DESIGN
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Eng. Tihomir Dovramadjiev
TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF VARNA
MTF, DEPARTMENT INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
tihomir.dovramadjiev@tu-varna.bg
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.35691.64804
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325976325_PHOTOGRAMMETRY_METHODOLOGY_DIGITALIZATION_OF_SCULPTING_MODELS_DESIGN

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About this article
Introduction
The used models in the article are only for re-presentation of popular ancient models &
artifacts from my city Varna (by the ancient name Odessos). The main point of the
article is to show advanced computer technics for teaching & studying. ACT uncludes
photogrammetry software Autodesk ReCap, Blender and MeshMixer. The last part of
the article shows a completed 3D printed item of re-designed model of ancient stone
angel for personal and non-comercial use.
The information in this article has been built for helping other specialist working in
digital field regarding photogrammetry. Also the material can be useful for archaeologist
colleagues to their work with popularization of the ancient treasures.

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Research purposes
- Exploring and optimizing photogrammetric capabilities and calculations by modern
technical means;
- Optimizing the interaction between different software systems and file formats;
- Creating a quality 3D geometry of the received computer models;
- Systematizing the methodology for the transfer of information data which is applicable to
the three-dimensional printing;
- Developing a re-design of an exemplary artifact for еducational and non-commercial
purposes;
- Digitalizing in 3D and preserving sample objects - artifacts with educational purpose.

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PART I – OVERVIEW
http://bulgaria-online.bg/catalog/12652_obshtina_varna.html

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Odessos - Varna (Bulgaria)
https://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/eupoliticallg.htm

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Odessos - Varna (Bulgaria)
About Odessos
Ancient Odessos (known as Odessus in Roman times) is considered the precursor of
the Bulgarian Black Sea city of Varna. It was founded by Miletian Greek colonists at the
end of 7th century BC, the earliest Greek archaeological material dating back to 600-
575 BC. However, the Greek colony was established within an earlier Ancient Thracian
settlement, and the name Odessos had existed before the arrival of the Miletian Greeks
and might have been of Carian origin. Odessos as the Roman city of Odessus became
part of the Roman Empire in 15 AD when it was incorporated in the Roman province
Moesia. Roman Odessos is especially known today for its well preserved public baths,
or thermae, the largest Roman single structure remains in Bulgaria, and the fourth
largest Roman public baths known in Europe.
http://archaeologyinbulgaria.com/background-infonotes/fortresses-cities/odessos-varna-
bulgaria/

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Museum of Archaeology - Varna (Bulgaria)
http://www.archaeo.museumvarna.com/en/aboutmuseum.html

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About museum
The inauguration of the Varna Archaeological Museum and its further development is
closely connected with the names of the two brothers Herman and Karel Škorpil,
Czechs by origin. In 1894 they permanently settled in Varna. On 12 December 1901, a
group of socially active figures and teachers established the Varna Archaeological
Society that for decades since has been the basic motivating power for interest and
study in the history of Varna, Varna Region, and Northeast Bulgaria. The inauguration
of an archaeological museum was a task of prime importance for the Society. On June
11, 1906 the first exhibition of the Museum was officially opened in a room of the Girls’
High School. Karel Škorpil was elected as director of the Museum and remained in that
post till his death in 1944.
http://www.archaeo.museumvarna.com/en/

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Photo of the brothers Herman and Karel Škorpil
http://www.pamettanabulgarite.com/page/4155162:Page:335210

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The Monument of Karel and Hermann Skorpil in front of the Varna Museum of
Archaeology that they helped found.
http://archaeologyinbulgaria.com/2016/04/17/fathers-of-bulgarian-archaeology-the-skorpil-
brothers-to-be-honored-in-exhibit-dedicated-to-bulgarian-czechs/

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http://www.sabori.bg/Oldest_gold.html

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http://www.archaeo.museumvarna.com/en/category/list?category_id=3&id=18

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Golden Ratio (Varna Archaeological Museum, Ancient model ~7000 years ago)
https://www.livescience.com/37704-phi-golden-ratio.html
http://www.bulgaren.org/melangebulgaren/2014/10/30/тайното-знание-на-
черноморската-атла/

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Popular items
Gold earring (4th – 3rd c. BC)
http://www.varnaeye.com/bg/history/muzei/arheologicheski-muzei.html

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Popular items
Marble tomb stones. Varna (5th and 4th c. BC)

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Popular items
Golden bracelet with pearls and glass ornaments. Varna (6th c.)

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Popular items
Beautiful mosaics of the Early Christian Cathedral of Odessos (5th century);

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Popular items
Clay baptismal font for holy water with adjourned ornaments. Varna, Galata (5th c.)
http://www.archaeo.museumvarna.com/en/category/list?category_id=6&id=7l

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Popular items
Cross-made of gold plates, which make beds for the implantation of inlays of malachite and garnet
in the form of stylized plants. (About 1-st millennium AD.)
http://www.inestravel.bg/tour_224.html

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PART II – PHOTOGRAMMETRY
METHODOLOGY & RE-DESIGN
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photogrammetry#/media/File:Photogrammetry_Wi
ora_EN.svg

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Metrology
http://www.iqlaser.co.za/files/white_papers/Photogrammetry_basics.pdf

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Metrology

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Measuring Accuracy
Inter-related factors (most important): 1.The resolution (and quality) of the
camera; 2.The size of the object; 3.The number of photographs and 4.The
geometric layout of the pictures relative to the object and to each other.

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SOFTWARE TOOLS
An useful, popular & effective software – Autodesk ReCAP, Blender &
Autodesk MeshMixer

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Lenovo A2010 – Camera 5-megapixel
https://gadgets.ndtv.com/lenovo-a2010-2881

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PART II – PHOTOGRAMMETRY.
Capturing photos
The Model – 22 Captured Photos.
Place: Museum of Archaeology - Varna

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Capturing photos
The Model – 22 Captured Photos.
Place: Museum of Archaeology - Varna

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Autodesk ReCAP
https://www.autodesk.com/products/recap/overview

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Autodesk ReCAP
The generated 3D model

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Autodesk ReCAP – The texture
The texture generated by ReCap

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Autodesk ReCAP - slicing
The result & slicing

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Autodesk ReCAP
The result & exporting to OBJ

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Free sculpting programs Blender &
MeshMixer
Capabilities of Autodesk MeshMixer and Blender

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MeshMixer

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MeshMixer

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MeshMixer

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MeshMixer

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Blender – 3D Free & Open Source
software
https://www.blender.org/

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software
Blender software. Sculpting & re-design

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software

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software

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software

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software

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software

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software

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software

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software
Blender software. Inside vision

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software
Blender software. Inside vision

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software
Blender software.Top & left views

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software
Exporting to OBJ & STL

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Autodesk MeshMixer
http://www.meshmixer.com/

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Autodesk MeshMixer Tools
● Drag-and-Drop Mesh Mixing
● 3D Sculpting and Surface Stamping
● Robust Convert-to-Solid for 3D printing
● 3D Patterns & Lattices
● Hollowing (with escape holes!)
● Branching Support Structures for 3D printing
● Automatic Print Bed Orientation Optimization, Layout & Packing
● Advanced selection tools including brushing, surface-lasso, and constraints
● Remeshing and Mesh Simplification/Reducing
● Mesh Smoothing and Free-Form Deformations
● Hole Filling, Bridging, Boundary Zippering, and Auto-Repair
● Plane Cuts, Mirroring, and Booleans
● Extrusions, Offset Surfaces, and Project-to-Target-Surface
● Interior Tubes & Channels
● Precise 3D Positioning with Pivots
● Automatic Alignment of Surfaces
● 3D Measurements
● Stability & Thickness Analysis

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Autodesk MeshMixer
Making the solid model

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Autodesk MeshMixer

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Autodesk MeshMixer

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Autodesk MeshMixer

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Final Result
Blender preview. Zoom view

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Final Result
Blender preview. Zoom view

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Final Result
Blender preview. The mesh

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Final Result
Blender preview. The mesh

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Final Result: Re-designed ancient angel
Blender preview

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+ textures
https://www.pexels.com/photo/gray-textile-850796/,
https://www.pexels.com/photo/background-canvas-close-up-colour-1020320/

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Final Result: re-designed ancient angel +
textures
Blender Internal Render

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PART III – 3D Printing.
Ultimaker 2
Ultimaker 2. https://ultimaker.com/

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Ultimaker 2 / Cura to G-Code
Free Cura software to making G-Code,
https://ultimaker.com/en/products/ultimaker-cura-software

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Re-designed ancient angel
3D printing with Ultimaker 2

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PART III – 3D Printed model.
Final result: re-designed ancient angel
Re-designed model of ancient angel - fragments

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PART IV – PHOTOGRAMMETRY.
Ancient artifacts - fragments

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Ancient artifacts – the 4 models

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Ancient artifact – the marble cross

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Ancient artifact – the marble cross
The photogrammetry result from 24 captured photos

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Ancient artifact – The stone grapes
ornaments

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Ancient artifact – the stone with grapes
ornaments

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Ancient artifact – the stone voluta

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Ancient artifact – the stone voluta

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PART III – PHOTOGRAMMETRY.
Ancient artifact – The stone scene

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Ancient artifact – the stone scene

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CONCLUSION
With the development of advanced technologies in design, new perspectives are emerging in
relation to photogrammetry.
This presentation demonstrates a fully functional methodology for obtaining completed 3D models
with qualitative geometry.
All the features and parameters necessary for the realization of the presented models are
complied with.
The digitalization of models, objects, sculptures and monuments of national historic value is fully
achievable, as well as the creation of entirely new models, the restoration and/or renewal of the
existing ones.
The developed three-dimensional computer models can be used for: visual presentation and
animations; creation of works of art; virtual internet museums; specialized mobile apps and more.

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Resources
http://bulgaria-online.bg/catalog/12652_obshtina_varna.html
https://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/eupoliticallg.htm
http://archaeologyinbulgaria.com/background-infonotes/fortresses-cities/odessos-varna-bulgaria/
https://www.livescience.com/37704-phi-golden-ratio.html
http://www.bulgaren.org/melangebulgaren/2014/10/30/тайното-знание-на-черноморската-атла/
http://www.pamettanabulgarite.com/page/4155162:Page:335210
http://archaeologyinbulgaria.com/2016/04/17/fathers-of-bulgarian-archaeology-the-skorpil-
brothers-to-be-honored-in-exhibit-dedicated-to-bulgarian-czechs/
http://www.inestravel.bg/tour_224.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photogrammetry#/media/File:Photogrammetry_Wiora_EN.svg
https://www.autodesk.com/products/recap/overview
https://www.blender.org/
https://docs.blender.org/manual/en/dev/sculpt_paint/sculpting/index.html
https://digitalmedia.architecture.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Meshmixer.pdf

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Resources
- Tihomir Dovramadjiev (2017). 3D computer processing and improvement of the geometry of
received photogrammetric models through photo shooting with one camera. 5 th
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. (ISCAME
2017) 12-13 October, 2017 Debrecen, Hungary. ISBN 978-963-473-304-1. p. 115 - 122.
http://old.eng.unideb.hu/gepesz/wp-
content/uploads/2015/10/ISCAME_2017_Conference_Proceeding.pdf
- https://www.slideshare.net/TihomirDovramadjievP/improving-3d-geometry-of-the-received-photogrammetric-
models-isec-coimbra-portugal-25-29-ix-2017-dr-eng-tihomir-dovramadjiev-80598034
- https://www.slideshare.net/TihomirDovramadjievP/high-quality-photogrammetry-modeling-90541114
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321732303_3D_COMPUTER_PROCESSING_AND_IMPROVEMENT
_OF_THE_GEOMETRY_OF_RECEIVED_PHOTOGRAMMETRIC_MODELS_THROUGH_PHOTO_SHOOTING
_WITH_ONE_CAMERA
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323737536_High_Quality_Photogrammetry_Modeling?
_sg=vK8P2o0JCwzoJzw3YlA5d2yYZz0pGkE_29q5oxmpUR8P_g1O5jI2xKQjK55YWe-
p4YK0J6meANpp7VRzetcJhP9kXeHqHen5MO0vc456._3vx-2vnqYKqDHThs-SY--Q_6IbkT-
ihXiC2BcsMYgSB13pmZPttnmfLqaKEUYELbLhTO5cMWFUskLu59URIiQ
- https://www.geodetic.com/v-stars/what-is-photogrammetry/
- Antti Laakso https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/119647/Laakso_Antti.pdf?sequence=1
- http://www.iqlaser.co.za/files/white_papers/Photogrammetry_basics.pdf
https://www.pexels.com/photo-license/
https://www.pexels.com/photo/gray-and-blue-surface-988871/
https://www.pexels.com/photo/gray-textile-850796/
https://ultimaker.com/en/products/ultimaker-cura-software

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DrTAD 2018 UWB and TUV, Pilsen, CR - PHOTOGRAMMETRY METHODOLOGY, DIGITALIZATION OF SCULPTING MODELS & DESIGN