4. Case 1 (1)
65-årig kvinde m. KOL eksacerbation.65-årig kvinde m. KOL eksacerbation.
Indlagt på 5. døgn. Overvejer udskrivelse.Indlagt på 5. døgn. Overvejer udskrivelse.
Uden ilttilskud: POUden ilttilskud: PO22=6.5 & PCO=6.5 & PCO22=5.8 kPa=5.8 kPa
Skal hun starte kronisk iltbehandling?Skal hun starte kronisk iltbehandling?
Hvad gør du?Hvad gør du?
5. Case 1 (2)
Hvis JaHvis Ja:
Pt. er motiveret for brug >15 timer dagl.Pt. er motiveret for brug >15 timer dagl.
Ikke-rygerIkke-ryger
Iltflow: eleverer POIltflow: eleverer PO22 >8.0 el. min. 0.7 kPa>8.0 el. min. 0.7 kPa
Sikre sig imod betydende hyperkapniSikre sig imod betydende hyperkapni
IltsystemerIltsystemer
Inform. pt. om evt. temporær LTOT (kontrol)Inform. pt. om evt. temporær LTOT (kontrol)
Kontrol efter 1-3 mdr.Kontrol efter 1-3 mdr.
Hvis Nej:Hvis Nej: Kontrol efter 1-3 mdr.Kontrol efter 1-3 mdr.
6. Case 1 (3)
Ved 3-mdr.-kontrol:Ved 3-mdr.-kontrol:
POPO22=7.6 & PCO=7.6 & PCO22=5.6 kPa.=5.6 kPa.
Dyspnø ved let-moderat anstrengelse.Dyspnø ved let-moderat anstrengelse.
Angiver subjektiv effekt af iltAngiver subjektiv effekt af ilt
Skal LTOT fortsætte?Skal LTOT fortsætte?
10. Indikationer (2)
PPaaOO22 <7.3 kPa (Sat. 88%)<7.3 kPa (Sat. 88%)
(7.3-8.0: EVF>55% el. cor pulmonale)(7.3-8.0: EVF>55% el. cor pulmonale)
Delta- PDelta- PaaOO22 >0.7 kPa & post-P>0.7 kPa & post-PaaOO22 >8.6 kPa>8.6 kPa
Post-arteriel-PH >7.32Post-arteriel-PH >7.32
Stabil og optimal behandletStabil og optimal behandlet
Ikke-rygerIkke-ryger
Anvende ilt minimum 15 timer dagligtAnvende ilt minimum 15 timer dagligt
Kontrol efter 3 mdr. og siden hver 6. mdr.Kontrol efter 3 mdr. og siden hver 6. mdr.
11. COT in non-COPD
Lung fibrosis: 62 patients. No effect on survival.
Unpublished data.
Crockett AJ et al. Domiciliary oxygen for interstitial lung
disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001; 3:CD002883
12. RCT on moderate hypoxaemic
COPD patients
1987-92 in Poland1987-92 in Poland
135 COPD patients with P135 COPD patients with PaaOO22 7.4-8.7 kPa.7.4-8.7 kPa.
Post-PO2 >8.7 kPa (mean 9.9 kPa)Post-PO2 >8.7 kPa (mean 9.9 kPa)
>17 hrs/day vs. no oxygen (used 13½ hrs)>17 hrs/day vs. no oxygen (used 13½ hrs)
Only concentratorOnly concentrator
Not assessed:Not assessed:
QoLQoL
Daily activity/exerciseDaily activity/exercise
HospitalisationHospitalisation
13. RCT on moderate hypoxaemic
COPD patients (planned study)
3.200 COPD pts. in USA3.200 COPD pts. in USA
Usual careUsual care
Sat.OSat.O22 89-93%:89-93%:
LTOT+ portable oxygenLTOT+ portable oxygen
Outcomes: QoLOutcomes: QoL
Daily activity/exerciseDaily activity/exercise
SurvivalSurvival
16. Aims of portable and ambulatory oxygen
Portable Oxygen (hypoxaemic at rest)
↑hrs on oxygen
↑daily activity
Ambulatory Oxygen (normoxaemic at rest)
Desaturate and/or dyspnoea during exercise
↑exercise tolerance/daily activity
17. Portable oxygen in 159 COPD pts on COT
France 1984-6; presc. >15 hrs/day; 12 MWD>200 m
Flow: 1.7 L/min at rest and 2.2 L/min during exercise. Randomised.
Gr.A=75Gr.A=75 Gr.B=84Gr.B=84
CConc.onc. Conc+small cyl.*(51)Conc+small cyl.*(51) Liquid(33)Liquid(33)
12MWD –O12MWD –O22 407 m407 m 423423
12MWD+O12MWD+O22 485 m485 m 478478
Hrs/day:Hrs/day: 14 hrs14 hrs 17 hrs17 hrs (B1 = B2) <0,01(B1 = B2) <0,01
Outdoor with OOutdoor with O22:: 55%55% 67%67%
Activity outdoor:Activity outdoor: equalequal
25% did not use portable oxygen, and 15% only indoor.25% did not use portable oxygen, and 15% only indoor.
Too heavy according to the patient: Cyl.: 50%, Liquid: 33%Too heavy according to the patient: Cyl.: 50%, Liquid: 33%
*) 2½ L cyl. + stroller (used by 10% of the pts) Vergeret J. Eur Respir J
18. Effect and usage of portable oxygen in
COPD pts on COT
COT: 3-12 months
Excluded pts. who were not
expected to live > 1 year.
Conc.: 3 mdr. Conc.
+O2: 3 mdr. Conc.-O2:
3 mdr.
Lacasse Y, ERJ 2005
19. Effects and use of portable (3½ kg) oxygen in
24 COPD pts on LTOT. 3 x 3 months
•No effect on QoL and 6 MWD
Lacasse Y, ERJ 2005
20. Portable oxygen in 930 COPD pts on COT
France before 1996; Presc. 16 hrs/day; COT >3 months
Portable oxygen to 30% of 893 ptt. with a concentrator.
Only used by 52% in a 3 months period
Only used outdoor by 4% –
especially those with liquid oxygen
Pepin JL et al. Chest 1996
22. STOT (oxygen at home while unstable)
Re-evaluation:
1 month later: normalised in 30%1
and 70%2
2-3 months later: 30-50% normalised1,3
PO2<6.7 kPa: only 1 of 23 normalised1
Despite LTOT: 17% died <2 months4
No RCT
1) Levi-Valensi et al. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986
2) Andersson et al. Respir Med 2002
3) NOTT study
4) Eaton et al. Respir Med 2001
24. SBOT
(palliation of attacks of dyspnoea)
Very few studies1,2
Only mentioned superficially in BTS, ATS, GOLD
COPD: 6-12 wks: 4 studies (PO2 8.5-10 kPa):
2 showed a small effect compared to air.
Cancer:
+hypoxaemia at rest: 5 L O2/min > air.
- hypoxaemia at rest: 4 L O2/min= 4 L air/min
1) Booth S et al.Respir Med 2004
2) Booth S et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996
25. The Terminology of
Home Oxygen Therapy
Ingen effekt på overlevelse eller udvikling af PAP el. ”daytime hypoxaemia”
27. Ambulatory oxygen to pts with desat.
and/or dyspnoea. Prevalence in COPD
10% desaturate ≥4%10% desaturate ≥4%
5.926 COPD pts with FEV5.926 COPD pts with FEV11 1.5-2 L (1)1.5-2 L (1)
32% desaturate ≥4% and32% desaturate ≥4% and ≤≤88%88%
81 COPD pts with FEV81 COPD pts with FEV11 =1,29 (2)=1,29 (2)
1. Hadeli KO et al. Chest 2001;120;88-921. Hadeli KO et al. Chest 2001;120;88-92
2. Knower MT et al.2. Knower MT et al. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:732-6Arch Intern Med 2001;161:732-6
28. The clinical relevance of
desaturation during exercise?
Desat. is poorly assoc. tol 6-MWD (and dyspnoea)Desat. is poorly assoc. tol 6-MWD (and dyspnoea)
1. Mak VH et al. Thorax 1993;48(1):33-81. Mak VH et al. Thorax 1993;48(1):33-8
2. Baldwin DR et al. Respir Med 1995;89(9):599-6012. Baldwin DR et al. Respir Med 1995;89(9):599-601
Ass. med øget mortalitetAss. med øget mortalitet
29. Acute effect of ambul.oxygen
↓Borg dyspnoea score 0.5-1.0
↑Physical tolerance 5-20%
+
Weight of device
Risk of stumbling over the tube
Ashamed
-
• No effect of oxygen pre- or post-exercise
Killen JWW, Thorax 2000
Lewis CA, ERJ 2003
McKeon JL, Thorax 1988
Stevenson NJ, Thorax. 2004
30. Effect of ambul. oxygen
Combination with rehabilitation
No effect
Garrod R, Thorax 2000
Emtner M, AJRCCM 2003
Rooyackers JM, ERJ 1997
Wadell K, J Rehabil Med 2001
Puhan MA Respir Res 2004
32. Start LTOT
Ca. 80% starter LTOT efter indl.
30-50% har “normaliseret” PO2 efter 3 mdr.
Information
Oxygen-system(er) herunder bærbar ilt
33. Kontrol
Sat. (-OSat. (-O22) (hvis >88%, da a-punktur)) (hvis >88%, da a-punktur)
Bestemme ilt-flowBestemme ilt-flow
Sikre ikke-ryger statusSikre ikke-ryger status
Sikre kompliance (15-24 timer)Sikre kompliance (15-24 timer)
Behov for oxygen-systemerBehov for oxygen-systemer
Evt. hjemme-visitEvt. hjemme-visit
34. Smoking and COT
Effect? Probably
15-24 hrs/day? Not possible for heavy smokers
Safe? Not everybody
Ethical aspects? Seretide to smokers?
35. Effect of oxygen and CO on
12-minute walking distance
Calverley PMA, BMJ 1981
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
720
740
760
Air Oxygen Air+CO Oxygen+CO
12-MWD
meter p<0.01 p<0.01 p<0.01
15 COPD; FEV1=0.56 L; PO2: 5.2-7.7 kPa
36. Kvaliteten af behandlingen (KOL)
Ca. 20% ryger (måske flere)
Ca. 50% har ikke iltmangel konstant
Ca. 60% ses ambulant
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
01.11.9431.12.9531.12.9631.12.9731.12.9831.12.9931.12.00
%
Oxygen
concentrator or
liquid oxygen
15-24 hrs/day
Mobile oxygen
37. Patient karakteristika
KOL: ca. 75%
Lungekræft: ca. 10%
Lungefibrose: ca. 5%
Hjertelidelse: ca. 5%
Neuromuskulær-lidelse/kyfoskoliosis: ca. 5%
Kvinder: ca. 60%
Flow: 1.4 L/min.
Alder: 72 år
38. Praktiske forhold ved LTOT
Hvordan ordineres LTOT?
Fugtet luft?
Pulssaturation versus a-punktur?
Rejser inden- og udenlands?
39. Prevalence of HOT in
various countries (per 100.000)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1987 1993 2006
DK
SE
F
N
41. Survival rates of new COPD patients on COT from
Denmark compared to patients from other countries
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39
Months
Cumulativesurvivalproportion(%)%)
Denmark (n=5659)
Sweden (n=403)
Belgium (n=270)
France (n=252)
Australia (n=505)
NOTT, COT (n=101)
Japan (n=4552)
43. Conclusions
COT improves survival in hypoxaemic patients
Most patients started after hospitalisation
Only about 50% are followed up
Portable oxygen is still too heavy
↑ incidence and prevalence
In general, poor survival
Thank you for your attention
Editor's Notes
In 1994 the prevalence of COPD was about 27/100.000. I the following years, it increased by about 50% to 42/100.000
The incidence of COPD increased from 20 to 25/100.00 during 5 years