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ECG interpretation in NSTEMI
1. ECG interpretation: STEMI
Primary PCI and direct admission of high
risk NSTEMI
Joanne Simpson
Golden Jubilee National Hospital
Wednesday 17th February 2016
2. Aims
Revise the ECG patterns which occur in STEMI
Focus on those which are more difficult to
recognise, but not uncommon
Remember:
Some ECG patterns are not clear cut
Minimising missed STEMIs is the priority
10. 4. What does this ECG show?
Left bundle branch block
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Anterior STEMI
Atrial fibrillation
11. STEMI
ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
Complete (or near complete) occlusion of a coronary artery
→ restriction of blood supply to heart muscle beyond
This produces characteristic symptoms and ECG changes which
allow:
rapid recognition of STEMI
prompt delivery of optimal reperfusion therapy
→ minimise infarct size, risk of future events, early and late mortality
12. STEMI
ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
Complete (or near complete) occlusion of a coronary artery
→ restriction of blood supply to heart muscle beyond
This produces characteristic symptoms and ECG changes which
allow:
rapid recognition of STEMI
prompt delivery of optimal reperfusion therapy
→ minimise infarct size, risk of future events, early and late mortality
14. Different ECG patterns in STEMI
1. ST elevation reflecting occlusion of a coronary artery
2. Posterior infarct
3. Left bundle branch block
15. 1. ST elevation reflecting occlusion of a coronary artery
- ‘injury current’ between normal and necrotic Tissue
- occurs in regional patterns
2. Posterior infarct
3. Left bundle branch block
Different ECG patterns in STEMI
16. ST elevation due to coronary occlusion
ECG leads over the territory of the occluded artery will show ST
elevation as the injury current travels toward them
ST elevation correlates to the territory of the occluded artery:
Inferior = RCA / LCx
Posterior = RCA / LCx
Lateral = LCx
Anteroseptal = LAD
Circumflex
artery (LCx)
Left
anterior
descending
artery (LAD)
Right coronary
artery (RCA)
21. ST elevation due to coronary occlusion
ST elevation in anterior leads
‘Reciprocal’ ST depression in inferior leads
22. ST elevation in inferior leads
Reciprocal ST depression in anterior leads
ST elevation due to coronary occlusion
23. ST elevation due to coronary occlusion
ST elevation in high lateral leads
‘Reciprocal’ ST depression in inferior leads
24. Different ECG patterns in STEMI
1. ST elevation reflecting occlusion of a coronary artery
- ‘injury current’ between normal and necrotic tissue
- occurs in regional patterns
2. Posterior infarct
- location means ST elevation is not seen
3. Left bundle branch block
25. Posterior wall infarction
Posterior infarct may be caused by RCA or LCx occlusion
- often associated with inferior or lateral ST elevation
Circumflex
artery (LCx)
Left
anterior
descending
artery (LAD)
Right coronary
artery (RCA)
26. Posterior wall infarction
No ECG leads ‘look’ directly at the posterior wall of the heart
Anterior leads are directly opposite and will see the opposite
of any current generated at the posterior wall
posterior ST elevation= anterior ST depression
28. Different ECG patterns in STEMI
1. ST elevation reflecting occlusion of a coronary artery
- ‘injury current’ between normal and necrotic tissue
- occurs in regional patterns
2. Posterior infarct
- location means ST elevation is not seen
3. Left bundle branch block (LBBB)
- if NEW can indicate infarction
- if OLD can obscure ST elevation during an infarct
30. Left bundle branch block
QRS duration > 3 small squares
Negative QRS across anterior leads with poor R wave progression
Notched R wave in V6
V1
V6
31. Summary
The clinical presentation is paramount
Check each ECG territory in turn for ST elevation
Look for ST depression
- is this reciprocal change?
- if anterior, could it be a posterior infarct?
Check the QRS duration
- if > 3 small squares, is there LBBB?