This particular slide pack contains the basic introduction to Internet of Things.

1. Internet of Things (IoT) Basics
and
A few Research Topics
Lecture Series by:
Tharindu Weerasinghe
For the 3rd Year Undergrads of APIIT – Sri Lanka
March 2022 – June 2022
www.tharinduweerasinghe.com

2. Outline
• What is IOT
• Protocols used in IOT
• Some research topics
www.tharinduweerasinghe.com

3. www.tharinduweerasinghe.com
Pic courtsey: https://www.infineon.com/cms/en/discoveries/internet-of-things-basics/#:~:text=The%20Internet%20of%20Things%20(IoT,specific%20tasks%20on%20that%20basis.

4. What is IOT?
• Devices or apparatus communicate with
each other via a common protocol while
being connected to the cloud(internet)!
www.tharinduweerasinghe.com
Pic courtesy: https://justcreative.com/internet-of-things-explained/

5. Protocols used in IoT
There are TWO main categories :
1. Data protocols
These protocols are mainly used to connect low-power IoT devices. Such protocols
facilitate communication with hardware on the consumer end– without any requirement
of the internet. The connectivity in IoT data protocols and standards is through a wired or
cellular network.
2. Network protocols
Normally these protoc0ls are used over the Internet.
www.tharinduweerasinghe.com

6. Data Protocols used in IoT
❑MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport)
❑CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol)
❑AMQP (Advanced Message Queuing Protocol)
❑HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
❑DDS (Data Distribution Service)
❑WebSocket
www.tharinduweerasinghe.com

7. Network Protocols used in IoT
❑Bluetooth
❑WiFi
❑ZigBee
❑LoRaWan
❑Z-Wave
www.tharinduweerasinghe.com

8. More on Data Protocols
• MQTT
• It is based on Publisher – Subscriber model
• Working on the TCP/IP model
• Light-weight
• COAP
• It is designed to cater the requirements of HTTP based IoT systems.
• DDS
• It is based on Publisher – Subscriber model
• Similar to MQTT but allows inter-operable data exchanges irrespective of the
hardware & software platforms.
www.tharinduweerasinghe.com

9. More on Networks Protocols
• ZigBee
• It’s similar to Bluetooth in the sense that it already has a significant user base in the world of
IoT.
• It has lower power consumption, low data-range, high security, and has a longer range of
communication (ZigBee can reach 200m, while Bluetooth maxes out at 100m)
• Z-Wave
• It’s a wireless, radio frequency (RF) based protocol
• Primarily used for IoT home applications.
• It operates on the 800-900MHz radiofrequency.
• LoRaWan
• It’s a media access control (MAC) IoT protocol.
• It’s mapped over 2nd and 3rd layer
• Allows low-powered devices to communicate directly with the applications which are
connected to the internet over a long-range wireless connections.
www.tharinduweerasinghe.com

10. Quiz
• What are low-power devices? Give examples.
• Find practical use cases of DDS as well as the advantages of DDS over
MQTT
• Find the differences and similarities between Bluetooth and Zigbee
• Find the practical use cases of LoRaWan
www.tharinduweerasinghe.com

11. A few ideas from me, to you:
• A case study on how Data Distribution Service (DDS) protocol differ
from MQTT in real world.
• A case study on How Mosquitto MQTT Broker is being used
practically.
• How LoRaWan protocols can be used in acoustics in Agriculture.
www.tharinduweerasinghe.com

12. Read more here
www.tharinduweerasinghe.com
1. https://www.nabto.com/guide-iot-protocols-standards/
2. https://www.semtech.com/lora/lora-
applications#:~:text=LoRa%20is%20flexible%20for%20rural,smart%20supply%20chain%20and%20logistics.
3. https://www.omgwiki.org/ddsf/doku.php?id=ddsf:public:guidebook:03_user:04_smartman
4. https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/12231/405471
5. https://cumulocity.com/guides/device-sdk/mqtt-examples/
6. http://www.steves-internet-guide.com/mosquitto-broker/