ENG 2322College of Professional StudiesProject #4 Portfolio

ENG 2322
College of Professional Studies
Project #4: Portfolio
Your syllabus includes the following information about your
portfolio:
Portfolio: At the end of the semester, students will choose 2 of
the essays they have written, substantially revise them, and, in
an appendix, provide samples of process writing related to the
two major papers. The portfolio should begin with an
introduction that contextualizes the artifacts and accounts for
any course outcomes not directly seen in the artifacts.
I will evaluate the papers you submit and assign a grade to the
portfolio, which is worth 100 points, approximately 10% of
your final grade for ENG 2322. The portfolio is your
opportunity to showcase your best work. This is your time to
shine! The portfolio will represent your work during the
semester and should exemplify your ability to write, as well as
revise and edit your own work. You should submit your entire
portfolio in ONE Word document.
Portfolio Components:
The portfolio should begin with an introduction that explains
which two papers you chose and why. The document should also
contain a statement about your writing strengths and
weaknesses, as well as a plan to address your weaknesses as you
continue to write college-level papers. Next, you should work to
discuss whether you believe you have met the specific learning
objectives for this course (see below). Finally, the introduction
paper should contain a realistic assessment of your work – what
grade do you think your portfolio deserves, and why?

Primary Learning ObjectivesDetermine appropriate rhetorical
techniques to apply in response to rhetorical situations
Use the writing process to discover and reassess ideasCompose
valid arguments in multiple modalitiesSupport arguments with
appropriate types of evidenceEvaluate sources for accuracy and
authority Navigate print and digital repositories of
informationUse the rhetorical situation to determine the
appropriate citation systemDescribe how inquiry contributes to
a life of significance and worth
After your introduction, you should include your two revised,
polished essays that you have chosen to showcase from this
course. As a reminder, your options are Project #1, Project #2,
and Project #3. Because you have had the opportunity to write,
identify errors, and correct them, you are expected to submit
papers that are very clean and well written.
After your two polished essays, you should include an appendix
that contains the prewriting work that went into your two essays
(e.g., brainstorming, journal entries, outlines, drafts, etc.). This
appendix should show how your writing has been a process this
semester. If you have handwritten any process work for your
essays, you can take pictures of it and include those pictures in
your Word document.
Project #4 (Portfolio) Rubric
10
9-8
7-6
5-0
Introduction demonstrates thoughtful reflection about personal
writing skills

Introduction addresses personal progress toward course learning
objectives well
Introduction is organized and well-written, with few errors
Essay 1 has been significantly and thoughtfully revised in terms
of content and critical thinking
of conventions and coherence
Essay 1 represents high-quality academic writing fitting of ENG
2322
of content and critical thinking

of conventions and coherence
Essay 2 represents high-quality academic writing fitting of ENG
2322
Appendix contains a substantial amount of quality process work
related to both essays
Subtotals
Total
/100
Writing Instructions
Save your documents with your “Last Name Assignment Title”
(EX: Smith Project #4).
Assignments must use APA document formatting and citations.
Assignments must fulfill assignment requirements and be
proofread to be graded.
Submission Instructions

Submission deadlines are 11:59 pm on the due dates on the
Course Calendar.
2
2
Digital discourse in community
Indiana Tech
ENG 2322
12/08/2021
Online gaming
Since it possesses any of the six attributes that a category would
embody in order to be called one, online gaming counts as a
debate culture, and is a branch of the broader discourse
community known as video games. I've had more than my fair
share of exposure to the various tactics and characters that come
from each game over the months of practice multiple types of
computer games. Because of the large number of people who
participate in video games, referred to as "gamers," a distinct

culture has emerged, dividing the once cohesive "gamers" into
"casual players" who play on a regular basis and "hardcore
gamers," who show a strong emotional attachment to their
favorite game (Perreault, 2021). These gamers are what render
online gameplay such a divisive environment with many
divisions based on the kind of user you are.
The possible explanation that digital gaming is a discourse
community is everybody has the same goal: to just have fun and
enjoy the computer game and to give it your best shot to win.
People share similar beliefs, attitudes, and assumptions, though
this varies depending on what type of content game being
played. Numerous gamers in video games encounter the option
of playing the game a solitary game where they only value
about themselves or joining a team and helping the game win.
This is a conundrum that every online gamer will encounter at
some point. That everybody tries to show that they'll be the
greatest, but in the final moment, you can only win or lose. As a
result, once everyone has been exposed to a game for a
sufficient amount of time, the common practice is to employ as
many resources as possible in order to achieve the common goal
of winning and defeating the opposing team. This includes
being selfless at times and not attempting to prove your
superiority by playing as part of a team rather than as a person.
Interaction, the most essential aspect of any video game, is the
most popular reason for somebody to begin playing as a team
member.
Dialogue is the "bread and butter" of operating as a squad
whilst being able to concentrate on one issue at a time, rather
than having to accomplish several tasks at once at a much
slower speed on your own. There is a plethora of video game
styles above anything I've seen. Communication is crucial in all
of the kinds of games I've played. Teams can fly in groups to
quickly secure simple targets and win in a shorter amount of
time if they communicate well. It also makes for better
teamwork between all people and everybody knows what
everyone else is doing, and it encourages everyone to give it

their all not just personally but also as a squad (Colby, 2021).
Many computer games would be more focused on individual
ability and fewer on teamwork if coordination was not present,
which might make games easier if you are not a successful team
member. Don't worry, there's a genre for everybody.
For each category of individual, there are several different
video game genres. Personally, I enjoy playing League of
Legends, a massively multiplayer online arena (MOBA) game in
which the aim is to kill your opponent's foundation. Another
category is role playing games, or RPGs. World of Warcraft is
one of the most famous RPGs in the world. The belief in this
game style is that everybody has a particular task to perform,
and it is their job. They must achieve their mission at all
expense or risk dying and wasting a lot more than they would
want. They must also complete their task when collaborating
with the majority of the team. A first-person shooter, or FPS for
short, is the last and most well-known form of game. This genre
places a greater emphasis on human action than on teamwork.
This is illustrated in Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare 2, which
necessitates rapid reflexes and the ability to remember all of the
positions on the specified globe. Communication is used in
many of these various forms of games to include details on
something that will help the player win.
In any of the earlier in this thread computer games, there are
several ways to chat. The bulk of contact in a wide online
gaming community is achieved by typing, with Skype chats with
teammates tossed in for good measure. Since interaction is so
crucial in a position game, the majority of communicating is
achieved via the developed communications protocol or through
Skype, TeamSpeak 3, or Raid Call. There are also other free
chat services that enable participants to engage in large
community conversations; however, businesses that want you to
register for a greater cloud space use charge a fee for greater
group meetings. Finally, while contact is not a vital aspect with
first shooters, it does assist in the ultimate objective of gaining
the present match. While the game's aim is for you to focus on

reflexes, collaboration will help you develop your abilities by
encouraging you to collaborate with others to achieve those
goals and by letting you know where others are hidden. The
Xbox One or PlayStation 4 are the most popular platforms for
showing this method of contact. Both of these devices provide
monthly subscriptions for the use of voice communication,
which is included in the systems, as well as the option to play
with other people online. The more "hardcore gamers" are
typically internet, and they can quickly distinguish themselves
as recreational or diehard players.
Since most online gaming fans will know all there is to learn
more about computer game environment, it is incredibly easy to
see who belongs in the crowd and who is not. A basic query
such as "Do you know what the Consumer Electronics Expo, or
E3, is?" can decide whether or not anyone participates in the
video game world. With both video game fans and businesses,
the Computer Gaming Expo is the largest and most critical week
of the year. During this expo, computer game publishers reveal
what will be released in the coming year and what online
players can expect to see. During the expo, several businesses
show off brand new releases by showing trailers on several
screens throughout the convention center. Many firms take
advantage of the chance to show off their latest technologies,
such as upcoming game consoles. Last year's Electronic
Entertainment Expo saw Sony, Nintendo, and Microsoft unveil
the PlayStation 4, Wii U, and Xbox One, as well as show off
new functionality and announce a potential release date for the
forthcoming games. Smaller firms take advantage of this ability
to show off upcoming technology accessories like the Oculus
Rift, which enables gamers to view every video game in
absolute 3D (Bell, 2021). Video games can be divided into
several various divisions or genres in this debate community;
yet, all real video game fans have one thing in common. The
one characteristic that all real fans have in common is that they
are all ambitious and aspire to be the greatest at the game,
winning tournaments and striving to be the greatest player in

the game.
Although providing clear lines of contact with your teammates
is helpful, it is not necessarily the safest choice. Being quiet
may also be greater than talking with your teammates. In
addition, each gaming category has its own lexicon. Since the
typical terms are only common in such particular video games,
that is unlike everything else outside of the video game. When
you have someone, who does not want to be a team member in a
video game, cooperation is a negative thing. The person is more
interested in demonstrating their individual talent than in
winning the game. These are the individuals who typically get
angry when playing a game when something horrible arises. It
usually finishes with the individual shouting at the members of
the squad, severing the team's initial bond (Andersen, 2021).
That one person can be the team's savior by aiding and
refraining from shouting, or they can be the one who undoes all
of the team's diligent work prior to making a single error. As
you can see, contact, while often beneficial, can often be the
demise of a completely enjoyable game.
Despite the fact that most gamers are intensely aggressive, they
never lose sight of the most crucial feature of the game: it is,
after all, just a game, and the objective is to have fun. People
avoid playing and turn to a different game until the game ceases
being fun and becomes something of a hassle. People are also
attempting to enculturate into the video game debate culture,
which is also relatively young. The street art that new adherents
must conform to typically happens inside the extremist; this
category of individual displays intense indignation when
everything in the video game does not go as planned; this type
of individual is most widely recognized as a "rager." These
citizens often have a lexis that contains a lot of cuss terms. An
ordinary gamer will easily become used to this form of
language. It also helps that today's games can be played in a
number of languages, enabling people to have multiliteracies,
mostly English and a foreign language. Computer games have
been such an integral aspect of global society that the media has

begun to report reports on them.
The media has recently played an important role in campaigning
for the video game community's continued development, often
for the positive, yet sometimes for the worse. This is because
the media considers the video game industry to be a blight on
culture because it encourages abuse among children, and the
media claims there is a direct link between increasing child
aggression and increased video game visibility. The media
praises the computer game industry at major conventions like
the Electronic Entertainment Expo and it is beneficial for the
general perception of video game developers making profits and
becoming profitable. The media promotes all the positives of
playing video games and the latest games and technolo gies that
are being launched at this time of year.
I used a natural settings method, similar to Lucille P.
McCarthy's, to extract the details described above. “I joined the
analysis study with no theories to evaluate and no newly
invented task,” this statement says. (Chapter 234 of A Stranger
in Strange Lands) I was able to deduce that the video game
culture is a close-knit group of people who are excited about
developing their abilities in a particular game. I used evaluation
and self-participation as testing instruments by the end. I was
able to show that many who were more vocal in conversation
were more interested in the video game environment using an
action framework.

References
Andersen, I. V. (2021). Hostility online: Flaming, trolling, and
the public debate. First Monday.
Bell, K. (2021). “I am sorry if I have ever given you guys any
crap”: the communicative practices within Telltale Games’
online forums. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 1-15.
Colby, R. (2021). The Ethics of Treating Online Gaming
Forums as Research Data. In The Ethics of Playing,
Researching, and Teaching Games in the Writing
Classroom (pp. 255-271). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Perreault, G. (2021). Reporting Religion: Narrating Religion in
Gaming Journalism. Journal of Media and Religion, 1-15.
THE LAKOTA COMMUNITY 1
The Lakota Community.
Indiana Tech
01/10/2022
Research Question: What are the challenges currently facing the
Lakota Community?
Introduction.
Prior to the “Discovery” of the Americas by Christopher
Columbus during 1492, it was not an unoccupied landmass but
there were communities who were already leading their lives
there. These communities which later came to be referred to as
Native Americans were complex people who lived as
communities that had kingdoms that were sovereign (Smith,
2015). However, with the colonization of America by Britain to
settle her excess population and to further bolster her
productivity as a nation, these communities became displaced

and were forced into reservations by the signing of treaties with
the colonizers. The treaties permitted the countries to be
perceived as sovereign nations however under America (Smith,
2015). They did not give up their freedom; they rather became
more like wards of the United States governme nt. The
community that will be the subject of the discourse is one
among the 500 communities that consisted of the Native
Americans; the Lakota People (Smith, 2015). At present, the
Sioux people are recognized as a sovereign nation by the
Federal government; however there are still challenges that
threaten the existence of the Sioux people presently and
threaten their existence and continual of their culture.History of
the Lakota People.
Also referred to as the people of the Standing Rock, the Lakota
people are among the first Native American tribes that inhabited
the North Americas prior to the arrival of the colonizers. They
are referred to as members of the Great Sioux Nation and are
divided into 3 distinct groups that are dependent the dialect that
they communicate with and the places that they occupied.
Etymologically, the name of the tribe, Lakota, implied
friendship or allies (Smith, 2015). These individuals were a
founding group of the seven council fires that were made up of
seven tribal bands. Further, The Lakota were considered to be
the largest division of the people who made up the Great Sioux
nation and they consisted of seven sub-divisions (Gibbon,
2018). Each of the subdivisions was marked out by differences
in their languages, the cultures that they observed, political
differences and territorial differences.
During the late 17th century, the Lakota people were occupying
the upper regions of the Mississippi region but were forced to
the plains that are found to the West of the region as a result of
the tribal wars over the trade of fur (Gibbon, 2018). Native
Americans were renowned buffalo hunters and as a result, war
between the tribes concerning buffalo fur was inevitable.
Around the year 1730, horses were introduced to the tribes and
as a result, they became fierce buffalo hunters. The Lakota were

a strong and fierce tribes and the warriors that made up their
ranks were nothing short of legendary (Gibbon, 2018). Before
entering into a treaty with the U.S government, the Lakota and
other tribes attacked and burnt down their lodges and were also
wont to attack emigrant trains. These attacks in turn prompted
responses from the U.S government and resulted in casualties to
both sides of the battle. However, in a battle waged over the
rights to mine in what the Lakota regarded as their sacred
grounds, the U.S army lost and it resulted in the signing if a
treaty (Gibbon, 2018). Presently, the Lakota occupy five major
reservations that are found in the western Dakota
Region.Challenges facing the Lakota People.
Mass incarceration and policing.
The Black Lives matter movement has in a large part resulted in
the creation of awareness concerning the mistreatment of Black
People in America and managed to garner support as well as
make national headlines. While the brutalization of Black
people has resulted in an uproar, similar instances of
brutalization that are done against Native Americans go by
unnoticed. According to a report, Paul Castaway, a mentally
unstable member of the Lakota people was shot and killed by
cops in Denver (Harrington & Harrington, 2017). The death of
Paul led to a number of protests that were against the
Mistreatment by the police and it also shed light on such
incidences against the Native people that go by unnoticed.
According to data compiled by the Center of Disease Control,
the percentage of Native Americans that are killed by Police
make up 2% of the total deaths by police while the tribes are
only 1% of the total population of the country (Harrington &
Harrington, 2017). Further, Native Americans are also prone to
mass incarceration especially in areas where they significantly
represented in the population. In South Dakota, Native
Americans make up nine percent of the entire population but in
the prisons, they are 29% of total inmates (Harrington &
Harrington, 2017). The issue of mass incarceration is however

as a result of overlapping and unresolved conflicts between
tribal, federal and state jurisdictions. There is no clear cut rule
defining who should punish crimes committed and at times,
Native Americans may find themselves punished more than once
for offences that are committed.
Impoverishment and joblessness.
For almost all the nations of Native Americans, they are faced
by the challenge of high poverty rates as well as unemployment.
Seventeen percent of Native Americans that reside in Hawaii
and the Pacific Islands and 27% of Naïve Americans were fund
to live in poverty (Harrington & Harrington, 2017). This is in
accordance ti data that was collected by the U.S Census Bureau.
The national figures are however said to distort the prevalence
of cases of poverty on the Indian Reservations a d also in the
native communities that are found in Alaska. According to
reports that were published during the year 2012, the three
poorest counties that are in the U.S encompassed Sioux
Reservations that are found in North and South Dakota and that
are popularly made up of the Lakota people. The poverty rate in
these regions is estimated at 43.2% which is thrice the national
poverty average (Harrington & Harrington, 2017). Further, the
unemployment rate stands at 60% as of the year 2014.
Exploitation of Natural resources.
All throughout the history of the Americas, the Natives land
was grabbed so that natural resources could be effectively
exploited. Indians clashed with miners as they attempted to
enter into their lands in the search of gold. At present, the
exploitation of natural resources still continue to pose a threat
to the Indians. A case study was the construction of an Oil
pipeline to transport Oil from the Bakkhen Oil Fields. The
Dakota Access Pipeline Protest was a movement that was begun
in early 2016 and was a reaction to the approval of construction
of Energy Transfer’s Partner’s Dakota Access pipeline. It was
designated to pass through Bakkhen Oil Fields in western North

Dakota and would cross beneath the river Missouri and
Mississippi and under Lake Oahe that borders the Standing
Rock Indian Reservation. The protest against the pipeline was
as a result of the threat it posed to the waters of the region and
was also a threat to tribal burial grounds and historically
significant cultural sites (Marshall, 2017).
Healthcare.
When compared to the general populations, the quality of health
that is received by Native Americans is below par. There are
massive health disparities that are experienced by the Native
Americans when compared to the other populations. As a result,
these tribes are prone to higher rates of mortality when infected
with such conditions as obesity, substance abuse and STDs.
Though Native Americans are eligible to receiving healthcare
under the Indian Health Service Act, it is only an estimated one
pout of every three people that are insured. Just like a majority
of the programs that are supposed to cater for the wel fare of
Indian People, The Indian Health service is underfunded and as
a result, it is unable to cater out health services as would be
required. Basic services such as emergency contraception are
often unavailable thus forcing the Indians to travel for hundreds
of miles in an attempt to locate healthcare services. Government
responses to challenges facing the Lakota People
The government has attempted to come up with solutions to
some of the challenges that face Native Americans. Among one
of the moves by the government is the construction of
educational and health facilities in Indian Reservations such
that they can be easily accessed. Further, the government has
enacted policies that are aimed at prevention of exploitation of
resources at areas that are considered to be important to the
history of Indians (McKenzie & Hudson, 2016). However, in
spite of the attempts by the government, the plight of the great
Sioux People still, remain apparent. The funds that are directed
by the government towards the enacting of the said policies are
at most times inadequate. Further, there is still issues such as

mass incarceration that can only be resolved by resolution of
the roles of the Indian governments, the state and the federal
governments (Marshall, 2017).Conclusio n.
At present, the Sioux people are recognized as a sovereign
nation by the Federal government; however there are still
challenges that threaten the existence of the Sioux people
presently and threaten their existence and continual of their
culture. The people who were once renowned as a great and
fierce warriors have been reduced to communities that are
plagued by poverty and that ever becoming more reliant on the
government to continue preserving their culture.
References.
Smith, A. (2015). Native American feminism, sovereignty, and
social change. Feminist Studies, 31(1), 116-132.
McKenzie, B., & Hudson, P. (2016). Native children, child
welfare, and the colonization of Native people. The challenge of
child welfare, 125-141.
Harrington, C. F., & Harrington, B. G. (2017). Fighting a
different battle: Challenges facing American Indians in higher
education. Journal of Indigenous Research, 1(1), 4.
Gibbon, G. (2018). The Sioux: The Dakota and Lakota
Nations (Vol. 6). John Wiley & Sons.
Marshall III, J. M. (2017). Walking with grandfather: The
wisdom of Lakota elders. Sounds True.

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