The document discusses the EU policy process and budget. It describes how policy is set through agenda-setting, formulation, adoption, implementation, and evaluation. It notes the policy process is more complex at the EU level due to no direct public pressure and many actors involved. It also outlines how the EU budget is funded through member state contributions and own resources, and how money is spent in various policy areas with the aim of complementing national budgets without running deficits.

1. The EU policy process
Identity, policy process &
budget
(Chapter 6)

2. EU Member states II
 Identity I
–Before 1945
–1945 - 1960
–Sixties & Seventies
–1992 – 1999 – now

3. EU Member states III
 Identity II
–More co-operation in policy fields 
difficult to separate EU and national
level
(Eu has ‘competence’ in almost all
areas [page 5128/6124])
–Spillover  “creeping” federalism
–Subsidiarity

4. EU Member states IV
 Policy cycle?
– Agenda-setting
does who in EU?
– Differences to
national level
1. No national
public pressure
 elitist
2. More complex
and therefore
more difficult

5. EU Member states V
 Formulation, by whom?
 Adoption, by whom?
– Coreper!, Parliament + Council of Ministers,
Commission, member states
 Implementation, by whom?
1. Letter of Formal Notice
2. Reasoned Opinion
3. Court of Justice  figure 6.2 (137)
 Evaluation

6. EU Member states VI
 Budget
– Till 1988: contribution of member states and
some “own income” sources
– From 1988 new income system, all own
resources (GNP, VAT, Duties)
– Spending (see figure 6.3, 5146/6143)
– Balance total: no deficit is allowed & < 1.24%
of EU GNP
– EU budget complements national budgets

7. EU Member states VII
 See Multi financial framework 2014 –
2020
– Calculate the percentages of expen-
ditures, similar to figure 6.3b (5146/6143)
– Assume you are member of European
Council, what would you change?
 Total of budget up or down?
 Give three suggestions what to change within
the budget