nanotechnology is one of the most advance technology biotechnology techniques for treatment of different diseases

1. ““Nanotechnology InNanotechnology In
Cancer Detection &Cancer Detection &
Treatment”!Treatment”!
Presented by:
Syed Muhammad Touseef
Department of Biotechnology
COMSATS University Abbottabad

2. ““Nanotechnology In CancerNanotechnology In Cancer
Detection & Treatment”!Detection & Treatment”!

3. CANCER
Enormous biomedical challenge.
• Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells
display uncontrolled growth (division beyond the normal
limits), invasion (intrusion on and destruction of adjacent
tissues), and sometimes metastasis (spread to other
locations in the body via lymph or blood).
Treatment is very much
dependent on
“Drug Delivery system”

4. Evolution of Nanotechnology:
• The Nanoscale was initially used by R. P.
Feynman, a physicist.
The ability to work at the molecular level, atom by
atom, to create structures with fundamentally new
molecular organization.”

5. Types of Biomedical Nanoparticles
• Inorganic nanoparticles (Nanoshell,
nanowires or nano robots).
“a central core having fluorescence, optical,
magnetic, and electronic properties with a
protective organic coating”
• Organic nanoparticles (Liposomes,
dendrimers & carbon nanotubes)
Liposomes  drug delivery vehicles in human tumors.
Dendrimers  used in MRI for visualization of
various pathological processes.

6. Gold/Magnetic nanoparticles
• Gold+Silica  Nanobullets for cancer.
• Made separation of proteins, peptides and DNA easier.
• Advantage over radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Dry Powder Aerosols nanoparticles
• Lung cancer treatment in dry powder aerosol form.
• The development of inhalable nanoparticles loaded with
bioactive molecules is a new delivery platform.
Nanomedicine
• To create medically useful nanodevices that can
function inside the body.

7. Virus Based Nanoparticles
• Suitable Vectors for drug delivery, vaccines, and gene therapy.
• The plant virus known as (CPMV) cowpea mosaic virus, is a
research favorite, can pass stomach taken into the bloodstream
through intestines so provide a means of
administering anticancer drugs and tumor
imaging agents orally, rather than by
injection.
• Adenovirus + Human gene Relaxin,
injected into cancerous tumors, this virus
quickly multiplies in the cancer cells and
kills them.
• In year 2002, “Nanoparticles Cut Tumors Supply Lines” was
published which states that researchers have packed a tiny
nanoparticle with a gene that forces blood vessel cells to self-
destruct to shut down the food supplies of the hungry tumors.

8. Factors effecting transport of drug
• Drug resistance at the tumor level due to physiological barriers.
• Drug resistance at the cellular level.
• Distribution, biotransformation and clearance of anticancer drugs in
the body.
STRATEGY
Antitumor drugs +
colloidal nanoparticles
• Overcome non-cellular & cellular
based mechanisms of resistance
• Increase selectivity for target
• Reducing toxicity for normal cells.

9. Nanodevices
Detection & Cure
“A grand challenge is the
ability to detect cancer earlier
—
and the answer almost
certainly will be
nanotechnology.”

10. Cantilevers
• Developed using electron-beam lithography
for an ultra sensitive bioassay.
• Electron beam lithography (often
abbreviated as e-beam lithography) is the
practice of scanning a beam of electrons in
a patterned fashion across a surface
covered with a film (called the resist),
("exposing" the resist) and of selectively
removing either exposed or non-exposed
regions of the resist.

11. Cantilevers
• Fingers are coated with antibodies to pick
the molecular expressions of cancerous
cells.
• Physical properties changes due to binding
event.
• Improve cancer detection and diagnoses.
Cancer DetectionLet’s see “HOW”….?

13. Nanopores
• Detect errors in genes causing cancer.
• Make DNA sequencing more EFFICIENT !
» HOW?????
• Allows DNA to pass through it one strand at a
time.
• Scientists can monitor the shape and electrical
properties of each base.
• To decipher the encoded information, including
errors in the code known to be associated with
cancer.

15. Nanoshells
• Core of silica and metallic outer shell.
• Very small beads coated with gold.
• Researchers can already link nanoshells to
antibodies that recognize cancer cells.
• To absorb near-infrared light, which can
easily penetrate several cm of human tissue,
kill cancer cells.

17. Nanowires
• Man-made constructs made with carbon & silicon.
• Have incredible properties of selectivity and
specificity.
• As particles flow through the microfluidic
channel, the nanowire sensors pick up the
molecular signatures of these particles and can
immediately relay this information.
• Detect the presence of altered genes associated
with cancer and may help researchers pinpoint the
exact location of those changes.

19. Nanoparticles
• Targeted to cancer cells for use in the
molecular imaging of a malignant lesion.
• Give us the ability to see cells and
molecules that we otherwise cannot detect
through conventional imaging.
• Ability to pick up what happens in the cell
• Ability to monitor therapeutic intervention
and to see when a cancer cell is mortally
wounded or is actually activated.

20. Nanoparticles

21. Quantum Dots
• Tiny crystals filled in Latex bead that glow when
stimulated by ultraviolet light.
• The wavelength or color of light depends on the
size of crystal.
• A single bead with many quantum dots
emit a spectral barcode for identifying a
particular region of DNA.
• Can be used in the body, eliminating
the need for biopsy.
• Used as a high resolution contrast
agent for medical imaging.
• Eradicate cancer cells without
harming healthy cells.

23. Dendrimers
• Man-made molecules about the size of an average
protein, and have a branched shape to increase its
surface tension and promising for drug delivery
system.
• A single dendrimer can carry a molecule that
recognizes cancer cells, a therapeutic agent to kill
those cells, and a molecule that recognizes the
signals of cell death.
• Also report back whether they successfully killed
their targets or not.
• Act as vectors in gene therapy.

25. Future Herbal Nanoparticles for cancer
• Herbal medicines act as anticancerous and antioxidants
for mitigating the damaging effects of oxidative stress on
cells.
• E.g; Tomato contain a carotenoid called Lycopene which
is helpful in curing prostrate cancer.

26. THANKS!
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