Workflow and Database Management

Business Analysis
Training
Workflow and Database
Management

Classification: Restricted
Agenda
 Workflow
 What is Workflow
 Example
 Categories
 Diagrams and Symbol
 Entity Relationship
 Database Management System
 SQL

A Work Flow diagram is a type of Process Diagram that
uses icons instead of abstract shapes to represent people,
departments and steps in a process.
Workflow Diagram

What is workflow?
• Workflow: the movement of information as it flows
through the sequence of steps that make up an
organization’s work procedures
• Workflow systems: business process automation tools that
place system controls in the hands of user departments to
automate information processing tasks
• Workflow management: the automation of workflows, so
that documents, information, and tasks are passed from
one participant to the next in the steps of an organization’s
business process

Work Flow Example

Categories of workflow applications
• Production workflow
• Administrative workflow

Benefits of workflow management systems
• Improved control of business processes
• Improved quality of services
• Lower staff training costs
• Improved user satisfaction

Workflow Diagram
• One of the ways to capture the business processes
• Modeling flow of control through a processing activity as it moves
through a system:
• People
• Organizations
• Computer programs
• Tools: Ms Visio

Workflow symbols

How to . . . ?
• Guidelines:
• Create header swimlane
• Put all processes in the swimlane
• Put all documents in the swimlane
• Connect process-process, process-document

Refreshing
• Do you know what UML model that similar to workflow diagram?
• And what is the differences?

Example

Database Management System
Data : It Is Collection of Raw Fact’s OR
It is Collection of Inter Related Data
Base : Where The Data Can Be Placed
Management : How To Manage That Organized Data
System : The Entire Data Can Be Stored In a Systematic
Manner & How To Maintain The System.
DB : It Defines The Database Storage & Relation Ship
MS : It Defines The Entire Maintenance.
These 2 Are Independent But Always Connected.

Database Management System
DB System
DB Server DB
Application
Storage
+
----------
Server
This Is User Application Purpose
SELECT - Data Retrieval
UPDATION
DELETION
INSERTION
- Data Manipulation
ClientServer
Back End Front End

Entity Relationship
Entity : It’s Real time Object Any Thing In The World.
Ex : Pen, Pencil, Book, Fan, Man
Attribute : Properties Of That Entity Is Called as Attribute.
Ex : Color, Size, length, width
Relationship : Maintain The Relation Ship Between 2 Entity sets.
Attribute Types: 1.Simple & Composite Attribute s Ex: Name( First , Middle, last
Names)
: 2. Single & Multi Valued Attributes
Ex : Contact Number ( Country Code, Area code , Number)
: 3. Derived Attributes : It Can Be Computed From others( Ex:
Age, Date Of Birth)

E-R Components :
1. Entity Set : Rectangle
2. Attribute : Ellipse
3. Relation Ship Set : Diamond
4. Multi valued Attribute : Double Ellipse
5. Derived Attributes : Dashed Ellipse
6. Week Entity Set : Double Rectangle
7. Connectors : Lines

Object Oriented Analysis
• Object is any ‘thing’ of interest in real world which is being modeled
• For lecture process, some objects could be
• Physical objects: desks&chairs, notebooks, computer
• Human objects: Faculty , student
• Conceptual objects: lecture, course, subject
• Documents/txn related object: invoice, receipt

Relationships
No .Of Relation Ships Are There Between Entity Sets
1. One - To – One Relation ship
2. One - To – Many Relation ship
3. Many - To – One Relation ship
4. Many - To – Many Relation ship
5. Note : Many To Many Not Supported By RDBMS .So Divide
That One Into Many - To - One Relation ship & One - To
- Many Relation ship

One to One (1:1)
One Order requisition Raises One Purchase Order
One Purchase Order is raised By One Order Requisition
Order Requisition Purchase OrderRaises

One to Many (1:N)
EMP
DEPT
Works
In
One Employee Works In At Most One Dept
One Dept Can Have Many Employees

Many to Many (M:N)
ORDER
ITEMContains
One Employee Works In At Most One Dept
One Dept Can Have Many Employees

ER Diagram of Banking System

SQL
SQL
is Structured Query Language, which is a computer language for storing,
manipulating and retrieving data stored
in relational database.
SQL Commands:
The standard SQL commands to interact with relational databases are
CREATE, SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE and DROP.
These commands can be classified into groups based on their nature:

Data Definition Language (DDL)
Command Description
CREATE
Creates a new table, a view of a table, or other object in
database
ALTER Modifies an existing database object, such as a table.
DROP
Deletes an entire table, a view of a table or other object
in the database.

Data Manipulation Language (DML)
Command Description
SELECT
Retrieves certain records from one or more
tables
INSERT Creates a record
UPDATE Modifies records
DELETE Deletes records

RDBMS
RDBMS stands for Relational Database
Management System.
RDBMS is the basis for SQL, and for all modern
database systems
like MS SQL Server, IBM DB2, Oracle, MySQL,
and Microsoft Access.
· PRIMARY Key: Uniquely identified each rows/records in a database table.
· FOREIGN Key: Uniquely identified a rows/records in any another database table.

SQL Queries
SQL is followed by unique set of rules and guidelines
called Syntax.
All the SQL statements start with any of the keywords like
SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, ALTER, DROP, CREATE, USE, SHOW
and all the statements end with a semicolon.
Important point to be noted is that SQL is case insensitive,
which means SELECT and select have same meaning in SQL statements,
but MySQL makes difference in table names.
So if you are working with MySQL, then you need to give table
names as they exist in the database.

SQL Select
SQL SELECT Statement:
The select statement is used to query the database and
retrieve selected data that match the criteria that you specify.
Here is the format of a simple select statement:
select column1 [,column2,etc] from tablename select student ID
, Student Name, Email from Student Table
SELECT column1, column2....column FROM table_name;

SQL Where
The where clause (optional) specifies which data values or rows will be
returned or displayed, based on the criteria described after the keyword
where
Conditional selections used in the where clause:
= Equal
> Greater than
< Less than
>=Greater than or equal
<=Less than or equal
<> Not equal to

SQL Like
The LIKE pattern matching operator can also be used in the conditional
selection of the where clause. Like is a very powerful operator that allows
you to select only rows that are "like" what you specify. The percent sign "%"
can
be used as a wild card to match any possible character that might appear
before
or after the characters specified. For example:
select first, last, city from empinfo where first LIKE 'Er%';
This SQL statement will match any first names that start with 'Er'.
Strings must be in single quotes.
Or you can specify,
select first, last from empinfo where last LIKE '%s';
This statement will match any last names that end in a 's'.
select * from empinfo where first = 'Eric';
This will only select rows where the first name equals 'Eric' exactly

Table
Sample Table: empinfo
First last Id age city state
John Jones 99980 45 Payson Arizona
Mary Jones 99982 25 Payson Arizona
Eric Edwards 88232 32 San Diego California
Mary Ann Edwards 88233 32 Phoenix Arizona
Ginger Howell 98002 42 Cottonwood Arizona
Sebastian Smith 92001 23 Gila Bend Arizona
Gus Gray 22322 35 Bagdad Arizona
Mary Ann May 32326 52 Tucson Arizona
Erica Williams 32327 60 Show Low Arizona
Leroy Brown 32380 22 Pinetop Arizona
Elroy Cleaver 32382 22 Globe Arizona

Table
Enter the following sample select statements in the SQL Interpreter Form at the
bottom of this page. Before you press "submit", write down your expected results.
Press "submit", and compare the results.
select first, last, city from empinfo;
select last, city, age from empinfo where age > 30;
select first, last, city, state from empinfo where first LIKE 'J%';
select * from empinfo;
select first, last, from empinfo where last LIKE '%s';
select first, last, age from empinfo where last LIKE '%illia%';
select * from empinfo where first = 'Eric';

Create Table
SQL CREATE TABLE Statement:
CREATE TABLE table_name(column1 datatype,column2 datatype,column3
datatype,.....columnN datatype,PRIMARY KEY( one or more columns ));

Operator
An operator is a reserved word or a character used primarily in an SQL
statement's WHERE clause to perform operation(s), such as comparisons
and arithmetic operations.
Operators are used to specify conditions in an SQL statement and to serve
as conjunctions for multiple conditions in a statement.
Arithmetic operators
Comparison operators
Logical operators
Operators used to negate conditions

Arithmetic Operator
Operator Description Example
+
Addition - Adds values on either
side of the operator
a + b will give 30
-
Subtraction - Subtracts right
hand operand from left hand
operand
a - b will give -10
*
Multiplication - Multiplies
values on either side of the
operator
a * b will give 200
/
Division - Divides left hand
operand by right hand operand
b / a will give 2
%
Modulus - Divides left hand
operand by right hand operand
and returns remainder
b % a will give 0
A holds 10 and b holds 20

Comparison Operator
A holds 10 and b holds 20
Operator Description Example
=
Checks if the values of two operands
are equal or not, if yes then condition
becomes true.
(a = b) is not true.
!=
are equal or not, if values are not
equal then condition becomes true.
(a != b) is true.
<>
are equal or not, if values are not
equal then condition becomes true.
(a <> b) is true.
>
Checks if the value of left operand is
greater than the value of right
operand, if yes then condition
becomes true.
(a > b) is not true.
<
Checks if the value of left operand is
less than the value of right operand,
if yes then condition becomes true.
(a < b) is true.

Logical Operator
Operator Description
ALL
The ALL operator is used to compare a value to all values in
another value set.
AND
The AND operator allows the existence of multiple
conditions in an SQL statement's WHERE clause.
ANY
The ANY operator is used to compare a value to any
applicable value in the list according to the condition.
BETWEEN
The BETWEEN operator is used to search for values that are
within a set of values, given the minimum value and the
maximum value.
EXISTS
The EXISTS operator is used to search for the presence of a
row in a specified table that meets certain criteria.
IN
The IN operator is used to compare a value to a list of literal
values that have been specified.

Example
SQL AND/OR Clause:
SELECT column1, column2....columnNFROM
table_nameWHERE CONDITION-1 {AND|OR} CONDITION-2;
SQL IN Clause:
table_nameWHERE column_name IN (val-1, val-2,...val-N);
SQL BETWEEN Clause:
table_nameWHERE column_name BETWEEN val-1 AND val-2;
SQL LIKE Clause:
table_nameWHERE column_name LIKE { PATTERN };
SQL ORDER BY Clause:
table_nameWHERE CONDITIONORDER BY column_name {ASC|DESC};
SQL GROUP BY Clause:
SELECT SUM(column_name)FROM
table_nameWHERE CONDITIONGROUP BY column_name;
SQL COUNT Clause:
SELECT COUNT(column_name)FROM table_nameWHERE CONDITION;
SQL HAVING Clause:
SELECT SUM(column_name)FROM table_nameWHERE
CONDITIONGROUP BY column_nameHAVING (arithematic function condition);

Thank you!

Workflow and Database Management

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