MUMPS BELONGS TO PARAMYXOVIRUS . THIS IS AN ACUTE INFECTIOUS DISEASE CAUSES MUMPS.

1. RAMA INNSTITUTE OF PARAMEDICAL SCIENCES,
RAMA UNIVERSITY
Mumps virus
By- Swastika Singh chandel

2. INTRODUCTION-
Belongs to paramyxovirus.
This is an acute infectious disease causes
mumps.
Mostly effect children characterized by non-
supperative enlargement of the paratoid
glands.

4. Properties-
 Mumps is a typical paramyxoviruses, posses HN & F
proteins.
 Agglutinates the RBC of fowels, guniea pig, humans &
many other species.
 Grown in chick embryos in the amniotic cavity. for
primary isolation & allanotic after adaptation.
 Eggs are inoculated at 6-8 days & incubated at 35°C
for five days before harvesting.
 Cell culture are better suited for isolation primary
monkey kidney being the preffered cell.

5.  Cytopathic effect is slow and cause synctium
formation & presence of acidophilic cytoplasmic
inclusions.
 It is labile, inactivated at room temperature or by
exposure to formaldehyde, ether or ultraviolet
light.
 Preserved at 70°C by lypholisation.
 Mumps virus is antigenically stable and only
serotype exists.

6. Clinical features
 infection is acquired by inhalation also by the
conjunctiva.
 the virus replicates in the upper respiratory tract and
cervical lymph nodes and is disseminated through the
blood stream to various organs.
 the incubation period is 12-25 days.
 parotid swelling is first sign of illness, sometimes,
preceeded by prodromal.

7.  parotid swelling is unilateral to start with but
become bilateral.
 accompained by fever, local pain, and
tenderness, parotitis is non-supperative &
usually resolve within a week.

8. Complications
 Epididymo-orchitis seen in about a third of post
pubertal male patients.
 Testis become acutely painful & swollen with
accompanying fever & chills.
 Orchitis is usually unilateral but when it is bilateral &
followed by testicular atrophy, sterility & low sperm
count may results.
 Mumps has been reported to cause about 10-15
percent cases of ‘aseptic meningitis’.

9.  Mumps meaningitis & meaningoencephalitis usually
resolve without sequelae but deafness may
sometime result.
 Mumps meningitis occur in the absence of parotitis.
 Other less complications are arthritis, thyroiditis,
and myocarditis, oophoritis, nephritis, pancreatitis.

10. Laboratory diagnosis-
Mumps needs no laboratory confirmation but it may be
essential in atypical infection. Diagnosis may be established by
virus isolation and serological tests-
 Specimen- virus isolated from saliva (within 4-5 days), urine
(up to two weeks) or CSF (8-9 days after onset of illness)

11. Virus isolation-
 The specimens must be inoculated soon after
collection as the virus is labile.
 Specimen inoculated in to monkey kidney cell
culture.
 Human amnion or hela cells are also suitable.
 Virus growth can be detected by hemadsorption
and identified by hemadsorption inhibition using
specific antiserum.
 Isolation may take 1-2 weeks.
 More rapid results can be obtained by if testing of
infected cell culture.

12.  Virus can identified by hemagglutination
inhibition using specific antisera.
 Test become positive early at 2-3 days after
inoculation.
 Egg inoculation less sensitive than cell culture for
isolation.
 Direct antigen detection by IFA is helpful in early
diagnosis.

13. Serology –
 Serological diagnosis depends on demonstration of a rise in
the titre of antibodies in paired serum sample.
 CF and HI tests are commonly used.
 IgM-ELISA is useful in this respect because cross reacting
antibodies & are IgG and do not interfare with IgM-ELISA.

14. PCR-
 Molecular diagnosis using reverse transcriptase
PCR is more rapid and sensitive.