Very SpeciFic Presentation Submitts from me.

2. Kaushik/Koushik is ancient Indian'Gotra' applied to
an indo-aryan clan. Origin of Kaushik can be
referenced to an ancient Hindu text. There was
a Rishi (saint) by the name of "Vishvamitra" literally
meaning 'friend of the universe','vishwa' as in
universe and mitra as in 'friend', he was also called
as Rishi "Kaushik".[1] Vishvamitra is famous in many
legendary stories and in different works of Hindu
mythology. It most notably refers to
Chhatrapati Shivaji.
Chhatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhosle (statue at Raigad)
Kaushik / Vishwamitra Gotra's
There are two gotras, or lineages, bearing the name
of Visvamitra.
Kousikh Gotra People belonging
to Kaushika (Kaushik/Kousikh/Kousikasa/Kousikha/K

3. ausika/Ghrit kaushika) Gotra take Rajarishi Kaushika
as their root. Kaushika was son of Vishvamitra.11 96
of the royal clans of Marathas belong to Kaushik
gotra including the illustrious house of Shivaji and
Rashtrakutas. 2 more clans belong to the
Vishvamitra gotra. Kaushika gotra also belongs to
Baish clan of rajput which includes in the
suryavanshi rajput, one of the oldest and biggest
Kshatriya/Chattari clan of Vedic India.
Kousikh/Kaushik is a gotra of influential Cchatri´s as
well as Brahmins (he who does priestly labour) of
Punjab and Haryana also some Anavil
Brahmins (Desai) from Gujarat. Brahmins consider
themselves the descendants of the seven main
sages, Angiras, Bhrugu, Vishvamitra, Kashyap,
Vasishtha, Atri and Agasti. Of these sages
Vishvamitra was part Kshatriya (descendant of
thhouse of Puru) , so Kaushik gotra is also of
Kshatriyas.

4. Its origin lies in the Rig-Veda;
ancient Sanskrit language. Kaushik was the son
of Kushika an Indian Kshatriya legend.
Visvamitra Gotra People belonging to the
Visvamitra Gotra consider Brahmarishi Visvamitra as
their ancestor. There is an off-shoot of "Vishvamitra
Gotra" called "Chakita Vishvamitra Gotra". Two
explanations have been suggested for this off-
shoot. The group is supposed to have sprung from
a "surprised" reaction of Vishvamitra. The other,
more likely, explanation, is that a group of
descendants decided to split from the main group
and started their own branch of this line.
Vishvamitra descendants still use Kaushik as their
first or last name. This is how majority of the Hindu
names were followed. This system of following
Rishis' name as the last name was the foundation of
"Gautra" in Hindu philosophy. Gautra is used to
trace back ancestry especially at the time of
marriages till today. Kaushik as the last name is

5. mostly seen in Uttar Pradesh and Haryana
(Northern India). for e.g. ARUN KAUSHIK. Kaushik is
also commonly used as a first name (mostly used
by people in West Bengal,Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and
Karnataka in India and Bangladesh). for e.g.
KAUSHIK RAMASWAMY.
Chhatrapati Sri Shivaji Raje Bhosale
Shivaji's royal successors also held the title
of Chhatrapati. Chhatrapati is an honorific or an
imperial title for an Indian ruler. Shivaji was a king
in ancient India, also called Kaushika ("the
descendant of Kusha"). He was a valiant warrior and
the great-grandson of a great king named Kusha.
"There was a king named Kusha (not to be
confused with Kusha, son of Rama), a brainchild of
Prajapati, and Kusha's son was the powerful and
verily righteous Kushanaabha. One who is highly
renowned by the name Gaadhi was the son of
Kushanaabha, and Gaadhi's son is this great-saint of
great resplendence, Vishvamitra. Vishvamitra ruled

6. the earth, and this great-resplendent king ruled the
kingdom for many thousands of years.It is the
Indian counterpart
of Shah, Padishah or Pasha (which is a shortening
of Pati Kshatra) and also written as Kshetra-Pati, the
lord, ruler of a domain and therefore can be
compared with the European king. For the Maratha
empire, the importance of the title Chhatrapati
declined over the years, as first the Peshwas (Prime
Ministers) and then the Karbharis (chatelains of the
Peshwas) came to exceed them in effective
power.[1] The European duke (Her+tog=leader of
an army) is comparable with the Indian Senapati.
According to the Rigveda he was son of a king
named Kusika, a descendant of Kusa, but later
authorities make him the son of Gathin or Gaadhi,
king of Kanyakubja, and a descendant of Puru; so
Vishvamitra is declared in the Harivansa to be "at
once a Paurava and a Kausika" by lineage.
According to some, Gadhi was of the Kusika race,

7. descended from Kusika. Vishvamitra is
called Gadhija and Gadhinandana, 'son of Gaadhi.
Temples of Bhavani
Goddess Bhavani giving the sword to Shivaji
The Tulja Bhavani and anthiur temple
in Tuljapur in Osmanabad district of Maharashtra is
considered as one of the 51 Shakti Pithas. This
temple was built in c. 12th century CE. A Tulja
Bhavani temple was built between 1537-1540 CE
in Chittorgarh.[2] It is located at
coordinates 18.011386, 76.125641.
History: Worship of the primeval energy Shakti in
the form of the mother Goddess is seen in the four
Shakti Peethas of Maharashtra - Bhavani with her
seat at Tuljapur, Mahalakshmi at Kolhapur,
Mahamaya Renuka
at Mahur and Jagadamba at Saptshringi. Other
Shakti temples in the state are those at Ambe Jogai
and Aundh. (also see Daksha Yagna).

8. Bhavani was the tutelary deity of Shivaji, the valiant
Maratha ruler and is held in great reverence
throughout the state of Maharashtra. Bhavani is
considered to be an embodiment of Ugra or
ferocity, as well as a Karunaswaroopini - filled with
mercy.
The Bhavani temple in Tuljapur is located on a hill
known as Yamunachala, on the slopes of the
Sahayadri range in Maharashtra near Sholapur. The
temple entrance is at an elevation and visitors need
to transcend a flight of steps to reach the shrine.
Historic records speak of the existence of this
temple from as early as the 12th century CE.
Bhavani is worshipped in the form of a 3-foot-high
(0.91 m) granite image, with eight arms holding
weapons, bearing the head of the slain demon
Mahishasura. Bhavani is also known as Tulaja,
Turaja, Tvarita and Amba.

9. Legend has it that a demon by name Matanga
wreaked havoc upon the devas and the humans
who approached Bhrahma for help and upon his
advice turned to the Mother Goddess Shakti, who
took up the form of the destroyer, and powered by
the other (Sapta) Maataas Varaahi, Bhrahmi,
Vaishnavi, Kaumaari, Indraani and Saambhavi and
vanquished him for peace to reign again.
Legend also has it that Bhavani vanquished another
demon who had taken the form of a wild buffalo
(Mahishasura), and took abode on the Yamunachala
hill, which is now home to the temple.
Four worship services are offered each day here.
The festivals of significance here are Gudi Padva in
the month of Chaitra, Shriral Sashti, Lalita Panchami,
Makara Sankranti and Rathasaptami. The deity is
taken out in procession on Tuesdays. Navaratri is
also celebrated with great fanfare, and it culminates
in Vijaya Dasami.

10. Etymology
The term has various other possible derivations:
1. From Sanskrit (kshatra,
also kshetra [empire/land]+pati [lord/husband])
meaning an emperor
2. From Hindi (chatra,
also chhatri [umbrella]+pati [lord]) meaning a
person worthy of a ceremonial umbrella.
3. From Marathi (chatra [roof or umbrella] +
Marathi pati [husband]) meaning a king or ruler
— Chhatrapatiindicates a person who gives
shade to his followers and protects their
success.
4. Another possible derivation of Chhatrapati is
"Kshatriya"+"Pati" i.e. Leader or Lord of the
Kshatriyas or Warriors.
Gayatri Mantra
Brahmarshi Vishvamitra (Sanskrit ववववववववववव
viśvā-mitra "all-friend") is one of the most
venerated rishi's or sages of ancient times in India.

11. He is also credited as the author of most of
Mandala 3 of the Rigveda, including the revered
great Gayatri Mantra. It is a mantra cum prayer and
is found in all the three Vedas; Rig, Yajur and Sama
Veda. Veda's clearly state that anyone can chant
this Mantra, and gain its benefits.
The Puranas mention that only 24 Rishis since
antiquity have understood the whole meaning of,
and thus wielded the whole power of, the Gayatri
Mantra. Sage Vishvamitra is supposed to be the
first, and Sage Yajnavalkya the last.
Om Bhur
Bhuvah
Suvaha
We meditate
upon the
Tat Savitur
Varenyam
glorious splendor
of
Bhargo
Devasya
Dheemahi
the Vivifier Divine.
Dhiyo Yo Nah
Prachodayat
May He Himself
illumine our minds!
Gayatri Mantra is so called because it liberates one
who chants it.
In the Ramayana
Vishvamitra looks as Rama breaks the bow, winning the
hand of Sita in marriage. Painting by Raja Ravi Varma

12. In the Indian epic Ramayana, Vishvamitra is
the preceptor of Rama, prince of Ayodhya and the
seventh Avatar of Vishnu, and his
brother Lakshmana. Shri Ram, he who is protected
by DharmaveerHanuman an Avatara of Siva.
Vishwamitra gives them the knowledge of
the Devastras or celestial weaponry [ bala and adi
bala ], trains them in advanced religion and guides
them to kill powerful demons
like Tataka, Maricha and Subahu. He also leads
them to the svayamvara ceremony for princess Sita,
who becomes the wife of Rama.
Origins
Indra is a god of the Mitanni. If Indra, as a deity, is
cognate to other Indo-European gods,
either thunder gods such as Thor, Perun, and Zeus,
or gods of intoxicating drinks such as Dionysos, his
name has either not been preserved in any other
branch, or else it is itself an Indian (or perhaps
Indo-Iranian) innovation.

13. In historical Vedic religion, Indra has prominence as
the continuation of chief god of the Indo-European
pantheon Dyēus. Dyēus himself appears in
the Vedas as Dyaus Pita, a relatively minor deity
who, interestingly, is the father of Indra. This may
derive from the same longstanding father-
usurpation pattern found in Greek mythology, in
which even Zeus' offspring by Metis was predicted
to overthrow him, had the resulting child (Athena)
been male. A similar pattern may come into play
regarding the relatively low status of Tyr compared
to Odin or Thor in Norse paganism (though Tyr has
since been posited as Odin's son, instead of his
father). Even in ancient Slavic religion, Perun, the
Sky God, is the main deity, while his father Svarog,
with his heaven named Svarga (same as Indra's
Heaven) was in most areas a less prominent deity.
It was once supposed that Vedic Indra corresponds
to Verethragna of the Zoroastrian Avesta. This idea
was based primarily on the fact that the

14. noun verethragna- corresponds to Vedic vrtrahan-,
which is predominantly an epithet of Indra. The
supposition that Indra corresponds to Verethragna
is now controversial. While both vritra-
and verethra- derive from the same root "to
cover", the word verethra- is today understood to
mean "obstacle". Thus, verethragna- is now
understood to reflect "smiter of resistance".
Vritra does not appear in either the Avesta or in
9th-12th century books of Zoroastrian tradition.
Since the name 'Indra' appears in Zoroastrian texts
as that of an arch-demon
opposing Truth (Vd. 10.9; Dk. 9.3; Gbd. 27.6, 34.27),
it may be supposed that Verethragna was a way of
reintroducing him in a favourable light.
In the Rig Veda
The Rig-Veda states,
He under whose supreme control are horses, all
chariots, the villages, and cattle;
He who gave being to the Sun and Morning, who

15. leads the waters, He, O men, is Indra. (2.12.7,
trans. Griffith)
It further states,
“Indra, you lifted up the outcast who was
oppressed, you glorified the blind and the lame.”
(Rg-Veda 2:13:12)[3]
Indra is, with Varuna and Mitra, one of the Ā dityas,
the chief personification of God in
the Rigveda (besides Agni and the Ashvins). He
delights in drinking Soma, and the central Vedic
myth is his heroic defeat of Vṛtrá, liberating
the rivers, or alternatively, his smashing of the Vala,
a stone enclosure where the Panis had imprisoned
the cows, and Ushas (dawn). He is the god of war,
smashing the stone fortresses of the Dasyu, and
invoked by combatants on both sides in the Battle
of the Ten Kings.
Indra as depicted in Yakshagana, popular folk art
of Karnataka

16. The Rig-Veda frequently refers to him as Ś akra: the
mighty-one. In the Vedic period, the number of
gods was assumed to be thirty-three and Indra was
their lord. (The slightly later Brihad-aranyaka
Upanishad enumerates the gods as the eight Vasus,
the eleven Rudras, the twelve Adityas, Indra, and
Prajapati). As lord of the Vasus, Indra was also
referred to as Vā sava.
By the age of the Vedanta, Indra became the
prototype for all lords and thus a king could be
called Mānavendra (Indra or lord of men)
and Rama, the hero of the Ramayana, was referred
to as Rāghavendra (Indra of the clan of Raghu).
Hence the original Indra was also referred to as
Devendra (Indra of the Devas). However, Sakra and
Vasava were used exclusively for the original Indra.
Though modern texts usually adhere to the name
Indra, the traditional Hindu texts (the Vedas, epics
and Puranas) use Indra, Sakra and Vasava
interchangeably and with the same frequency.

17. "Of the Vedas I am the Sama Veda; of the
demigods I am Indra, the king of heaven; of the
senses I am the mind; and in living beings I am the
living force [consciousness]." (Bhagavad Gita
10.22) [2]
Status and function
Indra is an important god in many post-Vedic
and Hindu mythological tales. He leads
the Devas (the gods who form and
maintain Heaven) and the elements, such
as Agni (Fire), Varuna (Water) and Surya (Sun), and
constantly wages war against the
demonic Asuras of the netherworlds, or Patala, who
oppose morality and dharma. He thus fights in the
timeless battle between good and evil. As the god
of war, he is also regarded as one of the Guardians
of the directions, representing the east.
In post-Vedic texts, He is however, ascribed with
more human characteristics and vices than any
other Vedic deity. Perhaps consequently, he also

18. has the most hymns dedicated to him: 250
(Masson-Oursel and Morin, 326).
Modern Hindus, however tend to see Indra as
minor deity in comparison to others in the Hindu
pantheon, such as Shiva, Vishnu, or Devi. A Puranic
story illustrating the subjugation of Indra's pride is
illustrated in the story ofGovardhan
hill where Krishna, Avatar or incarnation
of Vishnu carried the hill and protected his
devotees when Indra, angered by non-worship of
him, launched rains over the village.
Characteristics
Appearance
Detail of the Phra Prang, the central tower of the Wat
Arun ("Temple of Dawn") in Bangkok, Thailand - showing
Indra on his three-headed elephant Erawan (Airavata).
In Rig Veda, Indra the solar god is sometimes
described as golden-bodied ("Gora" that means
golden-yellowish) with golden jaw, nails, hair, beard.