Abu Ali Ibn Sino

1. The great thinkers of the
East world
Prepared by: Group-106 , Yuldasheva Xumora ,
Aytmuratova Barno, Tursunova Aziza

2. Abu Ali Ibn Sino
Ibn Sīnā studied medicine under a physician named Koushyar. He wrote
almost 450 treatises on a wide range of subjects, of which around 240
have survived. In particular, 150 of his surviving treatises concentrate
on philosophy and 40 of them concentrate on medicine.
Abū ‘Alī al-Ḥusayn ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn Sīnā', known as Abū Alī Sīnā
(Persian: ‫سینا‬ ‫ابوعلی‬
) or, more commonly, Ibn Sīnā (Arabic: ‫سینا‬ ‫ابن‬ )
, and
commonly known in English by his Latinized name Avicenna (Greek:
Aβιτζιανός, Abitzianos), (c. 980 - 1037) was a Persian polymath and the
foremost physician and philosopher of his time. He was also an
astronomer, chemist, geologist, logician, paleontologist,
mathematician, physicist, poet, psychologist, scientist and teacher.
His most famous works are The Book of Healing, a vast philosophical
and scientific encyclopaedia, and The Canon of Medicine, which was a
standard medical text at many medieval universities. The Canon of
Medicine was used as a text-book in the universities of Montpellier
and Louvain as late as 1650.

3. Abu Reikhan Beruniy
(973-1048) was a great scientist of Khorezm. He was born in the
South Khorezm town of Kyat, which later became part of the
Khiva Khanate.
A. R. Beruniy was an orphan. He was adopted and brought up by
the famous Khorezm scientist of the 10th-11th centuries, Abu
Nasr b. Irak.
Already well-known as a scientist, Al-Beruniy began his career
serving in the court of the Khorezm Shah in Kyat. However later
he was forced to emigrate to the seaside town of Kabusa in
Vashmshir.
In 1004, Al-Beruniy returned to Khorezm and worked in the
court of Khorezm Shah Mamun in the town of Gurganj until
1017.
Khorezm of that period was famous for being a place where
science and the arts flowered. A group of scientists was
organized to work in the court of the Khorezm Shah. Among the
members of the group were the scientists Al-Beruniy, Ibn Irak,
and Ibn Sino; the philosophers Abu Sahl Masihiy and Abul
Khaiyr Khamar; the poet Abu Mansur as - Salibiy, and others. In
1017 Khorezm was occupied by the troops of Sultan Mahmud
Gazneviy, who captured Al-Beruniy and took him to his capital,
Gazna. There, AI-Beruniy stayed to the end of his days. He only
returned to visit his hometown, Khorezm, in 1025.

4. Al-Beruniy is known under the name Alborona in Western Europe. European
scientists believed he was a Spanish monk.
Al-Beruniy was the author of more than 150 works. Approximately 30 of them
remain today. Mostly his works are on mathematics and astronomy. The most
significant, "Memorials to the Past Generations", is a chronology of the religious
holidays of many nations, including the Khorezmians. It also deals with the basics of
astronomy and astronomic instruments.
Beruniy's work "Explanation of Acknowledged and Unacknowledged Indian Sciences
by the Great Intellects", which is better known as "India" is a remarkable monument
of science and culture. This work is a bona fide encyclopedia of the country. While
living among the Indians, Al-Beruniy learned Sanskrit and obtained much
information on ethnography, geography, biology, philology, history, and astronomy
from Indian scientific sources. He included all this information in his book, "India".
"India" was translated into many languages including Uzbek, Russian, French, and
English. The treatise has been reprinted many times.
Another great work by Beruniy is "Maasud's Canon", dealing with astronomy and
mathematics. This work is dedicated to Sultan Maasud, Mahmud Gazneviy's son,
who ruled in 1030-41. The treatise consists of 11 books, expounding on the history
and traditions of various nations; information on geography, mathematics,
astronomy, and astrology; and comments by medieval scientists. A few of his Arabic
manuscripts have survived. These books were published in Arabic, Uzbek, and
Russian.
Unlike other works by Beruniy, his "Basics of Astral Science" was written in two
languages: Arabic and Persian. It contains 530 questions and answers on geometry,
arithmetic, astronomy, geography, natural astrology, and history.
The great scientist and major public figure, Al-Beruniy, has significantly contributed
to the development of the science and culture of the World.

5. ,
Abū ‘Abdallāh Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī
• Abū ‘Abdallāh Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī
earlier transliterated as Algoritmi or Algaurizin, (c. 780 –
c. 850) was
a Persian mathematician, astronomer andgeographer du
ring the Abbasid Caliphate, a scholar in the House of
Wisdom in Baghdad.
• In the twelfth century, Latin translations of his work on
the Indian numerals introduced the decimal positional
number system to the Western world. His Compendious
Book on Calculation by Completion and
Balancing presented the first systematic solution
of linear and quadratic equations in Arabic. In
Renaissance Europe, he was considered the original
inventor of algebra, although it is now known that his
work is based on older Indian or Greek sources. He
revisedPtolemy's Geography and wrote on astronomy
and astrology.
• Some words reflect the importance of al-Khwarizmi's
contributions to mathematics. "Algebra" is derived
from al-jabr, one of the two operations he used to
solve quadratic equations. Algorism and algorithm stem
from Algoritmi, the Latin form of his name. His name is
also the origin of (Spanish) guarismo and of
(Portuguese) algarismo, both meaning digit.

6. Mīrzā Muhammad Tāraghay bin
Shāhrukh
Mīrzā Muhammad Tāraghay bin Shāhrukh (Chagatay: ‫محمد‬ ‫میرزا‬
‫رخ‬ ‫شاہ‬ ‫بن‬ ‫طارق‬
, Persian: ‫رخ‬ ‫شاہ‬ ‫بن‬ ‫تراغای‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫میرزا‬ )better known
as Ulugh Beg ( ‫بیگ‬ ‫الغ‬
( ) March 22, 1394 in Sultaniyeh, Persia –
October 27, 1449, Samarkand) was a Timuridruler as well as
an astronomer, mathematician and sultan. His commonly known
name is not truly a personal name, but rather a moniker, which can
be loosely translated as "Great Ruler" or "Patriarch Ruler" and was
the Turkic equivalent ofTimur's Perso-Arabic title Amīr-e Kabīr.[1] His
real name was Mīrzā Mohammad Tāraghay bin Shāhrokh. Ulugh
Beg was also notable for his work in astronomy-related
mathematics, such as trigonometry and spherical geometry. He
built the great Ulugh Beg Observatory in Samarkand between 1424
and 1429. It was considered by scholars to have been one of the
finest observatories in the Islamic world at the time and the largest
in Central Asia.[2] He built the Ulugh Beg Madrasah (1417–1420) in
Samarkand and Bukhara, transforming the cities into cultural
centers of learning in Central Asia.[3] He was also a mathematics
genius of the 15th century — albeit his mental aptitude was
perseverance rather than any unusual endowment of intellect.[4] His
Observatory is situated in Samarkand which is in Uzbekistan. He
ruled Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, southern
Kazakhstan and most of Afghanistan for almost half a century from
1411 to 1449.