Introduction to Indian Miniature School, Class 12th CBSE chapter- 1 Pala school, Jain school, Central India school. Sadanga, Six limbs of Art.

1. Introduction to Indian Miniature Schools
CBSE ( Unit - 1 & 2 )
Srikanta Goswami
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2. Miniature
Schools
Manuscript
Painting
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Contents
Six limbs of
Art

3. Miniature ?
The word miniature, derived from the Latin verb miniare ("to colour with minimum," a red lead)
indicates a small illustration used to decorate an ancient or medieval illuminated manuscript.
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Miniature
Painting
Small size & Minute details
Palm leafs(Taal- Patra)
Any medium and on any surface
Handmade paper Leather

4. Manuscript
Manu Script
Hand written
A large section of painting illustration
A pictorial translation of poetic verses
Inscribed and painted on prepared palm -leaves Bound with cords passing through holes in the folios
The folios are encased in wooden cover
Documentation, Human activities
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5. 5

6. 6
Indian Miniature Schools
Pala School (7th-9th Cen.) Jain /Western School
Central Indian School

7. 7
Bengal, Bihar Orissa.
750 A.D. to middle of
the 12th century.
Nalanda & Vikramshila
monasteries were great
renters of Buddhist
learning.
The technique &
material used were
inspired from Ajanta
style.
Mostly used palm leaves and
Mineral colours can be seen.
Patronage by Pala
Kings, Dharam Pal, Dev
pal.
Sava Chasma faces, curvy black
outlines, bright colours, simple
composition and graceful figures.
Pala School
A fine example of a typical Buddhist palm -leaf
manuscript illustrated in Pala style is Astasahasrika
Prajnaparamita (the perfection of wisdom in eight
thousand lines)

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Jain School
Western Indian school
Protruding eyes & The flying drapery attire is
prominent
Colour
implementation is
clear, white, gold
& dark colours are
used.
The paintings
were done in cloth
& later on paper
as well.
Figures are flat
with angularity and
sharpness
Kalpasutra
Kalakcharya
Katha
Sangrahini
Sutra

9. Kalpasutra
Kalakcharya Katha Sangrahani Sutra
The Kalpa Sūtra is a Jain text containing the biographies of the Jain
Tirthankaras, notably Parshvanatha and Mahavira. Traditionally ascribed to
Bhadrabahu, which would place it in the 4th century BCE, it was probably
put in writing 980 or 993 years after the Nirvana of Mahavira.

10. Central India School
It is a mixture of many styles.
Flourished between 11th to
16th century A.D.
Jain manuscript paintings from
Gujrat, Muslim paintings from
Jaunpur, Oudh from the East,
Rajasthani from the North and
Deccani from south.
Initial phase of the manuscript
started on 11th -12th century in
Mandu ( in Malwa region of
Madhya Pradesh)
Being in central India, Mandu
was influenced by art form of all
directions.
Bulging out eyes, pointed nose, double chin, Bright
basic colours, folk elements and other feathers of
Malwa miniature
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11. 1. Manuscript
2. Pala School
3. Central India School
4.The perfection of wisdom
in 80000 lines
A. Astasarshika Pranjaparamita
B. Mixture of many styles
C. The earliest miniature painting
D. Palm Leave
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12. A. Charupanchasika
B. Laura Chanda
C. Astasaharshika Pranjaparamita
D. Sangrani Sutra
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Which of the following is an example of a palm leaf manuscript that means the
“Perfection of Wisdom” in written in eight thousand lines?

13. A. Hinduism and Christianity
B. Buddhism and Jainism
C. Hinduism and Buddhism
D. Jainism and Islam
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On which two religious were manuscript of Pala school and Western school based?

14. A. Rajput Painting
B. The Book of Ritual
C. Different form of miniature
D. A folk lores
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What is Kalpasutra?

15. Six Limbs of Art
Shadanga
Roopa bhedah pramanani I
bhava- lavanya-yojanam ii
Sadrishyam varnakabhangam I
iti chitram shadakam ii

16. Six Limbs of Art
Roopabheda
Form
Pramanani
Proportion
Bhava
Expression
Lavanya
Gracefullness
Sadrishya
Similarity
Varnika Bhangha
Various Colours
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17. Roop Bheda
The knowledge of looks and appearances
‘Roopa’ means the outer form or
appearance of the subject. The perception is
visual as well as mental. ‘Bheda, on the
other hand, means difference. In other words,
to create a painting, an artist needs to have a
sound knowledge about the different forms that
exist.
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18. Pramanani
Accuracy and precision of measurement and structure
Pramanani teaches us the exact measure,
proportion and distance of the subjects. It
provides an insight into the structural anatomy
of objects, too.
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19. Bhava
The feelings on Form
“Bhava”means an emotion, a feeling, an
intention, or an idea. This aspect of art is depicted in
the form of feelings expressed by the subject.
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20. Lavanya Yojanam
Blending grace in a artistic representation
Your painting should be gracefully high in its artistic
quality. The Pramanani is for stringent proportions, and
Bhava is for expressing movement. But, This is for
controlling the over-expression of both.
The motive is to bring about a sense of beauty in a
dignified and organised manner.
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21. Sadrishyam
Similarities in between real and the creation
Sadrishya suggest the degree to which a
depiction is similar to an artist’s vision or subject
itself. In a way, it is also a way of depicting
similitude.
It enhance the character of any individual and
him/her complete in itself
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22. Varnika Bhanga
An artistic way of making use of the brush & Colours
Varnika :- Varna- Colour
Bhangam:- to break
The knowledge of the artist about the different colours.
Indeed, you will tremble, or only end up applying
meaningless strokes on your canvas until you have
learnt how to use the brush right. While all the above five
principles can be mastered simply via perception, you
can never learn Varnikabhangam without some real,
hands-on practice.
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23. Conclusion
The Sadanga is an inevitable part of every great Indian masterpiece.
From the ancient paintings of Ajanta, Modern paintings created by Raja Ravi
Verma, and Hussain of today, you will observe that every notable artist has silently
put to use all the six principles. And, it is only when you have known inside
out, However, there are no definite rules; neither an artist should follow any
certain rules. these prime principles are presented just like guidance.
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Thank you