General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...
BIOLOGY PROJECT
1. VELAMMALBODHI CAMPUS
( A SENIOR SECONDARY CBSE SCHOOL)
ANUPPANADI,MADURAI-09
AISSCE-2018-19
PROJECT BASED ON WATER PURIFICATION
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
2018-19
SUBMITTED BY: D.S.PRABHAKARAN
2. VELAMMAL VIDYALAYA
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that of class XII
has done the project work submitted
for the Practical Examination after
requirement of AISSCE during the
academic year 2018-2019
REGISTRATION NUMBER:
DATE:
PLACE:
PRINCIPAL INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER
3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The completion of this undertaking would not have been
Possible without the participation and assistant of so many
People whose names may not all be enumerated.
Their contribution are sincerely appreciated and gratefully
acknowledgement.
However, I would like to express my deep appreciation
And datedness particularly to following:
Our respected Principal Mr. Sakthivel Murugan and Vice
Principal Mrs.Anitha
Our Chemistryteachers.
My lovable parents and my brothers
My batch mates and my best friends
Thank you all
4. INDEX
1. Preface
2. Why we need to purify
water?
3. Aim
4. Materials Required
5. Procedure
6. Observation
4. Conclusion
5. Bibliography
5. PREFACE
ARE YOU AWARE OF WATER
PURIFICATION?
Water is one of the most important
substances on earth. All plants and
animals must have water to survive. If
there was no water there would be no life
on earth. Apart from drinking it to survive,
people have many other uses for water
SAVEWATER!!SAVELIFE!!
6. WHY WE NEED TO PURIFY
WATER?
Water is very essential for our existence. The
70 percentage of earth the 70 percentage of
earth is covered with water but out of 70
percentage only one third of water
isconsumable. The growing population and
the industrialisation increase the rate of
polluting the water by many actions like
waste of chemicals and toxins adds in water
through the factories outlet extra. This action
leads water to be contaminated so the water
should be purified.
7. EXPERIMENT
AIM:
To Understand procedures that can be
used in order to purify water for safe
consumption.
MATERIALS REQUIRED:
● 4 Liters of lake Yosemite water
(alternatively, use 1 cup of soil to 4
liters of water)
● 3-2 L plastic bottle (two bottles cut in
half )
● 2 L (or larger) beakers or another 2 L
plastic bottle bottom
● 20g alum (potassium aluminum
sulfate - about 2 tablespoons)
● Fine sand (about 800 ml)
● Coarse sand (about 800 ml)
8. ● Small pebbles (about 400 ml, and
may be substituted with natural color
aquarium rocks)
● 1 large (500 ml or larger) beaker
● 1 coffee filter
● 1 rubber band
● 1 tablespoon (Used to measure alum)
● Timer
9. PROCEDURE:
1. Pour about 2 L of Lake Yosemite
water into a 2-L plastic bottle or pour
alternative source
2. Aeration is the process of adding air
to water. Gases trapped inside of the
water can escape, while adding oxygen
to the water. Place the cap on the plastic
bottle and shake vigorously for 40
seconds. Continue the aeration process
by pouring water from the plastic bottle
into either of the cut off plastic bottles.
Pour the water carefully from one cut
off plastic bottle to the other 15 times.
Describe any changes that you and your
lab partner observe. Afterwards, take
the aerated water and pour it into a
beaker or another 2-L plastic bottle
bottom.
10. 3. Coagulation is the process in which
dirt and other suspended solid particles
in a mixture are chemically stuck
together, so they can be removed from
water. Add 20g alum to the Lake
Yosemite water. Slowly stir this
mixture for 4 minutes.
4. Sedimentation is the process where
gravity pulls particles of alum and
sediment to the bottom of the container.
In order for this process to occur, you
must leave the mixture undisturbed in
the container for 20 minutes. Record
your observations at 5 minute intervals
for a total of 20 minutes based on
changes in the water's appearance.
5. Create a filter from the 2L plastic
bottle with the top half as follows:
11. (i) Using a rubber band, attach the
coffee filter to the outside “neck.”
Through the wider end, pour a layer of
pebbles into the bottle, the coffee filter
will prevent the pebbles from falling
out. Refer to Figure 2 above for
assistance.
(ii) For the second layer, pour coarse
sand on top of the pebbles.
(iii) For the final layer, pour fine sand
on top of the coarse sand.
(iv) You must clean the filter by slowly
and carefully pouring 6L (or more) of
clean tap water. Focus on not disturbing
the top layer of sand as you pour the
water through the filter.
12. 6. Filtration removes most of the
impurities that remain in water. We can
use the filter that we created in step 5
for the Lake Yosemite water after it has
undergone coagulation and
sedimentation. Carefully, without
shaking up the sediment, pour
approximately 2/3 of the liquid through
the filter. Allow filtered water to collect
in a beaker. The remaining Lake
Yosemite water will be poured in a
large container in the front of the
classroom to be used as a fertilizer for
the school garden. Look at a sample of
the Lake Yosemite water in the front of
the classroom and compare the treated
and untreated water.
7. Disinfection is the process of
purifying and killing any harmful
13. organisms. Chemicals are commonly
used and must be handled carefully. For
the sake of this experiment, we will not
be using any chemicals to treat the
water due to potential effects of using
these chemicals that are not labeled for
consumption (such as Clorox).
Therefore this water is safe to drink and
the microorganisms present in the water
cannot cause adverse effects.
OBSERVATION:
Poured Yosemite or alternatively used
1cup of soil to 4 liters of water is
purified and safe to drink.
14. CONCLUsION:
Taking care of our planet is a big
responsibility. We have only scratched
the surface of conservation of water, but
if we all work together, we can bring
about change, not only with water, but
with air, land, energy, waste, and
others. Even though you have completed
this task, do not stop here. I encourage
you to try and find out the ways you can
help your community to become active in
conservation. Get involved and dig
deeper for life!
