* DOWNLOAD AND PLAY IT IN MICROSOFT POWERPOINT CAUSE IT CONTAINS ANIMATION AND CAN'T WATCH WITHOUT IT * This is presentation is about Computer assisted sports refereeing systems...it refers hawk eye technology...third umpire...video assistant referee...and many others

1. SOUVIK MONDAL
SOMESH DE KARMAKAR
SATYAKI SEN
SUPRIYA MONDAL
SURAJ PAL
2ND YEAR – SECTION - 1 – GROUP - C

2. Assisting the Umpires / Referees
Most professional sports In the World have long used instant
replay and other high-tech aids to help referees make the right
call.
 Rugby
 Basketball
 Cricket
 Football

3. • The system being developed by the UK company
Hawk-Eye, would give a definitive decision on
whether the ball had crossed the line.
• In 2015, Hawk-eye technology was also used by
rugby officials at the 2015 Rugby World Cup, to
improve decision-making by the television match
official (TMO) and also assist with player safety. In
this case it is enhanced video review, rather than the
ball tracking technology as used in other sports.
Hawk – Eye Technology

4. • It uses the Smart Replay technology to record all camera feeds and makes
them available in real time to enable third umpires to make quick decisions
on key incidents such as run outs, stumpings, no-balls and disputed catches
and boundaries.
• Since 2008, the ICC has also used a Leg Before Wicket (LBW) detection
system by being able to produce an accurate 3D representation of the path
of the ball, using six or more computer-linked television cameras situated
around the cricket pitch.
• In 2008, a Decision Review System (DRS) was also included by the ICC,
allowing players to challenge decisions made by the on field umpires and
refer to the third umpire.
• A further issue with Hawk-Eye in cricket is the accuracy in predicting the
future path of the ball. The predicted path of the ball is based on the average
and expected pathway and cannot account for skidding or hitting a crack or
bump on the pitch therefore the LBW decisions system may not always be
correct.
Cricket

5. • FIFA have used a variety of GLT providers including Goal
Control, Goal Refereeing and Hawk-Eye which use either high
speed video camera tracking or magnetic field-based
technology.
• GLT was first used at the 2012 FIFA Club World Cup in Japan
and was successfully used during all 64 matches at the 2014
FIFA World Cup in Brazil.
• The English Premier League was the first national domestic
league to use GLT by implementing Hawk-Eye systems from
the 2013-14 season.
• International Football Association Board gave permission to
trial Video Assistant Referee (VAR) system with the hope of
implementing it permanently in 2018.
Football

6. • Hockey have been using video referrals since their
trials at the 2009 men's Champions Trophy in
Melbourne, Australia as a way of reducing umpiring
errors. It was then used in the 2010 World Cup in
Delhi and has since been used in all international
hockey events.
• In hockey, there are two types of referrals which can
be called upon during a match. Either of the two
umpires can use the referral system if they are not
certain they have made, or are able to make, the
correct decision relating to a goal.
Hockey

7. • The first Grand Slam event to feature Hawk-Eye technology
was the 2006 US Open, prior to this it had only been used
at the Nasdaq-100 Open in Miami.
• During a match, each player receives two challenges per
set to review line calls. Once a challenge has been made,
Hawk-Eye is used to trace the path of the ball to show the
actual position of it in comparison to the line in question.
• The only Grand Slam not to use Hawk-Eye is the French
Open. The officials refuse to use it as they believe that the
unique characteristics of the clay court do not warrant it as
the ball makes a mark on the clay surface.
Tennis

8. • The video referee in Rugby League was first seen at the 1996
Super League World Nine. The Super League were then the first
league to use a video referee consistently in 1997 and the
National Rugby League (NRL) quickly adopted its use in 1998.
• Since 2000, the use of a video referee or TMO (Television Match
Official) in rugby has been on the increase. The aim of a TMO is
to help referees and assistant referees to ensure accurate and
consistent decisions are made on field.
• The TMOs use video replay technology to assess incidents on
specific areas of the game. These include the grounding of the
ball for a try, whether players were in touch before grounding
the ball, determining whether a kick at goal was successful,
confirming if an infringement has occurred in the build up to a
try and considering acts of foul play.
Rugby

9. • In the 2002-2003 season instant replay was only used to automatically review shots
taken at the end of each quarter and to review all fouls that occurred with no time
remaining on the clock.
• Since the 2007 – 2008 season, referees have been able to review all play altercations
automatically that include two or more players that are engaged in a fight or an
interaction that is not part of normal basketball, or a player being ejected from the
game due to performing a hostile or reckless act against another player.
• During the 2008 – 2009 season, instant replay was used to review clock malfunctions
and attempt to determine the amount of time that has passed and how long should
be left on the clock.
• In the 2009 – 2010 season, referees were able to initiate a review if there was doubt.
• Additionally, in the 2009 – 2010 season, referees could review depending on if they
were not reasonably certain whether the player had made the basket within the 24-
second clock.
• Review of clear path to the basket fouls, correct free throw shooter and 24-second
shot clock reset were added in the 2010 – 2011 season.
• More recently in the 2012 – 2013 season, an automatic review of all flagrant fouls
was added and finally.
• In the 2013 – 2014 season, off ball foul timings were reviewed by the referee.
Basketball

10. • The NHL was also quick to utilize video review in 1991. It was
implemented in an effort to resolve any questionable goals
being awarded.
• In 2013, the NHL created a situation room which is very
similar to that of the NFL – it allowed all games and video
reviews to be monitored in one location.
• In 2014, the NHL announced the expansion of the video
review allowing video technology to assist the referees in
determining the legitimacy of all potential goals, to ensure
they are 'good hockey goals'.
• Starting in the 2015 – 2016 season, the video goal judge with
the use of Hawk-Eye replay can review replays of disputed
goals.
Ice Hockey

11. • At any time during a game, a Crew Chief may
initiate a Replay Review of a potential home
run call.
• A minimum of seven cameras are used to
show different angles to the umpire after a
challenge is made, and they also have access
to any replays from the networks covering the
game.
Baseball

12. • In June 2013, badminton first used a new instant review
system at the OSIM BWF World Super Series tour at the
Indonesia Open.
• It allowed all players two chances per match to challenge the
umpire’s line calls. The player or pair must clearly state their
challenge by raising their hand/arm immediately after the
shuttle has landed and the line call made.
• A further development within badminton was in April 2014,
when the BWF contracted Hawk-Eye to provide the instant-
review system at the MetLife BWF World Super Series
tournament in New Delhi and for all BWF Major Events. This
allowed badminton to develop and begin to show graphics
that many people are accustomed to in tennis.
Badminton

13. • In Volleyball, the video challenge system was first used
at an FIVB event during the FIVB Volleyball Club World
Championships in 2012.
• A 12-camera system was put for the 2014 FIVB
Volleyball Women's World Championship in Italy.
• During a match, a team can call for a video verification
of a referee’s decision twice per set. They have five
seconds after the rally has finished to challenge the
decision to the first referee.
• However, they can only challenge the referee’s decision
in specific situations, including ball position when
touching the floor; faulty antennae or net contact by a
player on top of the net only; contact of a player’s feet
with the end line (when executing service) and ball
contact with the antennae on top or above.
Volleyball

14. • The International Fencing Federation (FIE)
included a video replay system for the first
time at the 2008 Beijing Olympics and it has
been used since.
• In a team match each fencer gets one
replay request for each bout. They can ask
for a replay regarding right-of-way (ROW),
penalties, stepping off the strip, etc.
Fencing

15. • Handball
• Snooker
• Taekwondo
• Judo
• Horse racing
Other Sports

16. • Some find that the negatives far out way the positives,
with matches taking that bit longer due to video
referrals, whilst some also believe that some match
officials rely so much on the technology that they
struggle to make their own decisions unaided.
• The belief is generally held though, that although
there are improvements still to be made, it can only be
seen as an advantage as it increases correct decision
making and as a result of this players, coaches and
fans don’t walk away feeling as hard done by.
Conclusion

17. THANK YOU