Abcdf

1. HEPATITIS VIRUSES

2. Hepatitis
2
□
□
□
□
□
Infection of liver
Hepatitis viruses – A, B, C, D, E and G
B – DNA virus
All others – RNA viruses
Cause icteric jaundice
□
□
Type A and E – food borne, feco oral route
Type B and C – Blood borne, parenteral and
sexual routes

3. Hepatitis A
3
□
□
□
□
□
Epidemiology
Clinical features
Lab diagnosis
Prophylaxis
Treatment

4. Epidemiology
4
□
□
□
□
Common in children
Feco oral route – contaminated water
or milk
Over crowding and poor sanitation
Ingested, reaches intestine,
penetrates epithelium, reaches liver
through blood

5. Clinical features
5
□
□
□ 2-6 weeks incubation period –
asymptomatic
Clinical symptoms – malaise,
anorexia, nausea, vomitting and
abdominal pain
Yellow urine

6. Lab diagnosis
6
Hepatitis viruses
□
□
□ Raised bilirubin in serum
(indirect>direct)
Yellow urine – bilirubin present
Demonstration of antibodies by ELISA
■
■
IgM – recent infection
IgG – remote infection

7. Prophylaxis
7
Hepatitis viruses
□
□
□
Improved sanitation
Vaccine is available
Natural infection leads to life long
immunity

8. Treatment
8
Hepatitis viruses
□
□
No antiviral drug available
Treatment is symptomatic

9. TYPE B HEPATITIS
9
Hepatitis viruses
□
□ Over 350 million HBV carriers in the
world
One million die anually

10. Epidemiology
Clinical features
Lab diagnosis
Prophylaxis
Treatment
---------------------------------------

11. Epidemiology
□ Hepatitis B virus structure
Hepatitis viruses 11

12. Developed countries
12
Hepatitis viruses
□
□
□
□
Adolscents and young adults
Infection occurs through
contaminated syringes and needles
Drug addicts
Homosexuals

13. Developing countries
13
Hepatitis viruses
□
□
□
Children
Vertical transmission from mother to
baby
Horizontal transmission among
infants and neonates

14. Everywhere
14
Hepatitis viruses
□
□ Razors, nail clippers, acupuncture,
tatooing, circumscision, ear or nose
piercing
Barbers, dentists and doctors may
get infected

15. Carriers
15
Hepatitis viruses
□ Those who donot have symptoms but
are HbsAg positive

16. □
□
□
□
□
16
Epidemiology
Clinical features
Lab diagnosis
Prophylaxis
Treatment
Dr. Ashish Jawarkar Hepatitis viruses

17. Clinical features
17
Hepatitis viruses
□
□
No symptoms in carriers
Similar to HAV in acute phase

18. Lab diagnosis
18
Hepatitis viruses
□ Demonstration of viral antibodies and
antigens in serum -

19. Prophylaxis
19
Hepatitis viruses
□
□
□
□
□
Avoid multiple partners
Avoid drug abuse
Use of disposable syringes and
needles
Screening of Blood, organ and semen
donors
Universal immunisation (vaccination)

20. Immunisation - Passive
20
Hepatitis viruses
□
□
□ administer HBIG (Hepatitis B
immunoglobulin)
Administer soon after accidental
exposure
Can be administered to baby born to
a carrier mother

21. Active immunisation - vaccine
21
Hepatitis viruses
□
□
Consists of HBsAg particles
Given as a routine to all babies

22. Treatment
22
Hepatitis viruses
□
□ Acute phase – no treatment required,
patients recover
Chronic phase – become carriers, can
give antivirals like lamivudine and
adefovir to keep replication in check

23. Hepatitis C Virus
23
Hepatitis viruses
□
□
□
Also blood borne
Most common cause of post
transfusion hepatitis in developed
countries
Most common cause of post hepatitis
– hepatocellular carcinoma

24. Hepatitis E virus
24
Hepatitis viruses
□
□
□
□
Feco oral route
Second common cause of hepatitis
after hepatitis A in developing
countries
Generally mild and self limiting illness
Unusually high mortality (20-40 %) in
pregnancy