This document discusses post-COVID pneumonia. It classifies different types of pneumonia and describes the causative organisms. It explains the pathophysiology of pneumonia, from how the virus invades the host to the stages of lung tissue changes. Diagnostic findings and medical management are outlined. Complications, prevention methods, and nursing management of post-COVID pneumonia are also summarized.

1. POST COVID PNEUMONIA
Presented by:
Sonam yadav

2. The respiratory system

4. .

5. CLASSIFICATION
Hospital acquired pneumonia
Health care associated pneumonia
Community acquired pneumonia
Ventilator associated pneumonia
Pneumonia of immunocompromised people
Aspiration pneumonia
Post COVID pneumonia

8. What is coronavirus?
• Coronavirus are a group of
viruses that cause several
diseases in mammals and
birds.
• In humans, human
coronavirus causes respiratory
infections.

9. How does the virus invade the host??
•Respiratory symptoms occur when the virus
infects cells of the alveoli within the lungs
•The virus accesses these host cells when a
glycoprotein spike on the outside of the virus
binds to a specific protein called ACE2 found
in type 2 alveolar cells

10. How is COVID-19 diagnosed??
•PCR Test – standard method, through rRT- PCR
•Antigen test – viral exposure in recent past, does
not test for the virus directly
•Antibody test – identify the presence of body’s
antibodies against the virus, which indicates that
person have been exposed in the past

11. CAUSATIVE ORGANISM
• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Mycoplasma pneumoniae
• Hemophilus influenzae
• Chlamydophila pneumoniae
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Rhinovirus
• Coronavirus
• Legionella
• Gram negative bacilli

13. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Causative organism
Inflammatory reaction in alveoli
Formation of exudates(RBCs, fibrin and poly morpho nuclear leukocytes
infiltrate the alveoli)
Containment of virus in alveoli causes consolidation of leucocytes/fibrin within
the affected area

14. .
Stage of congestion( engorgement of alveolar spaces with fluid and hemorrhagic
exudates which causes spread of pathogens through the lobe)
Stage of red hepatization(coagulation of the red exudates occurs and the affected
lung appears red)
Stage of grey hepatization( the decrease in RBC count is replaced by neutrophils
which infiltrates the alveoli making the lung tissue solid and greyish in color)
pneumonia

15. .

16. .

17. Diagnostic findings
•History taking
•Physical examination
•bronchoscopy
•ABG
•Gram stain/ culture
•CBC
•Pulmonary function studies

18. .
• Chest x-ray: Identifies
structural distribution (e.g.,
lobar, bronchial); may also
reveal multiple
abscesses/infiltrates,
empyema(staphylococcus);
scattered or localized
infiltration (bacterial); or
diffuse/extensive nodular
infiltrates (more often viral).
In mycoplasmal pneumonia,
chest x-ray may be clear.

19. .

20. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
• Antibiotics
• Antiviral
• Antipyretics
• Bed rest
• Semi fowlers position
• Antitussives
• Oxygen administration
• Vitamin supplements
• Deep breathing exercises
• Advise smoking cessation
• Hydration is an important part of the regimen because fever and tachypnea
may result in insensible fluid losses.

21. COMPLICATION
• Pneumonia
• Shock
• Lung Abscess
• ARDS
• Pleuritis
• Pleural effusion
• Hypotension
• Empyema
• Respiratory failure

22. Prevention
• Hand hygiene
• Social distancing
• Nutritious diet
• Importance of mask
• Avoid social gatherings
• Plenty of fluids
• Exercises
• Pneumococcal vaccine: This vaccine can prevent pneumonia in healthy patients
with an efficiency of 65% to 85%.
• Staff education: To help prevent HAP.
• Infection and microbiologic surveillance

23. .
•Monitor symptoms
•Do not touch face
•Stay home
•Avoid crowded place
•Avoid close contact
•Avoid confined and enclosed spaces
•Cover mouth while sneezing and coughing
•Clean and disinfect frequently touched objects

24. NURSING MANAGEMENT
• Ineffective airway clearance related to tracheobronchial secretions as
manifested by coughing
• Imbalanced nutrition i.e. risk of imbalanced nutrition less than body
requirement related to anorexia as manifested by BMI of the patient
• Fatigue and activity and intolerance related to impaired respiratory function as
manifested by increased respiratory rate
• Disturbed sleeping pattern related to difficulty in breathing as manifested by
the verbalization of patient
• Deficient knowledge related to treatment regimen and preventive measures as
manifested by cough etiquettes.

25. CONCLUSION
• The new coronavirus can cause severe illness, such as pneumonia.
This is because it can affect the respiratory system.
• Elders, people with preexisting conditions, and those with a history
of severe breathing problems may be more vulnerable to severe
pneumonia.
• Prompt medical care can help a person breathe until the body fights
off the infection, and people should call a doctor immediately if
symptoms are severe.

26. THANK YOU