Introduction to Apache Spark, architecture, resilient distributed datasets, working, use-cases and comparision with Hadoop.

1. Apache Spark
1

2. Agenda
• Introduction
• Features -
• Supports all major Big Data Environments
• General platform for major Big Data tasks
• Access diverse data sources
• Speed
• Ease of use
• Architecture
• Resilient Distributed Datasets
• In-memory Computing
• Performance
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3. Spark Introduction
• Apache Spark is an
– open source,
– parallel data processing framework
– master slave model
– complements Hadoop
to make it easy to develop fast, unified Big Data applications
• Cloudera offers commercial support for Spark with Cloudera
Enterprise.
• It has over 465 contributors making it most active Big Data Project in
Apache Foundation, started at UC Berkley in 2009
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4. Supports All major BigData Environments
Runs Everywhere -
• Standalone Cluster Mode
• Hadoop Yarn
• Apache Mesos
• Amazon EC2
• Spark runs on both Windows and UNIX-like systems (e.g. Linux,
Mac OS).
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5. General platform for all major Big Data tasks
• Common ETL (Sqoop)
• SQL and Analytics (Pig and Hive)
• Real Time Streaming (Storm)
• Machine Learning (Mahout)
• Graphs (Data Visualization)
• Both Interactive and Batch mode processing
• Reuse the same code for batch and stream processing, even joining
streaming data to historical data
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6. Access Diverse Data Sources
Read and write anywhere -
• HDFS
• Cassandra
• Hbase
• TextFile
• RDBMS
• Kafka
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7. Speed
• Run programs up to 100x faster than Hadoop MapReduce in
memory, or 10x faster on disk.
• Spark has an advanced DAG execution engine that supports cyclic
data flow and in-memory computing.
Logistic regression in Hadoop and Spark
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8. Ease of Use
• Write application in
– Java
– Scala
– Python
• 80 high-level operators that make it easy to build parallel apps
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9. Unified Analytics with Cloudera’s Enterprise Data Hub
Faster Decisions (Interactive) Better Decisions (Batch)
Real-Time Action (Streaming
and Applications)
Web Security
Why is my website slow? What are the common causes
of performance issues?
How can I detect and block
malicious attacks in real-time?
Retail
What are our top selling items
across channels?
What products and services to
customers buy together?
How can I deliver relevant
promotions to buyers at the
point of sale?
Financial
Services
Who opened multiple accounts
in the past 6 months?
What are the leading
indicators of fraudulent
activity?
How can I protect my
customers from identity theft in
real-time?
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10. ARCHITECTURE
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11. Apache Spark 11

12. Resilient Distributed Datasets
• A read-only collection of objects partitioned across a set of machines
• Immutable. You can modify an RDD with a transformation but the
transformation returns you a new RDD whereas the original RDD
remains the same.
• Can be rebuilt if a partition is lost.
• Fault tolerant because they can be recreated & recomputed
RDD supports two types of operations:
• Transformation
• Action
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13. • Transformation: don't return a single value, they return a new RDD.
Nothing gets evaluated when you call a Transformation function, it
just takes an RDD and return a new RDD.
– Some of the Transformation functions are map, filter, flatMap,
groupByKey, reduceByKey, aggregateByKey, pipe, and coalesce.
• Action: operation evaluates and returns a new value. When an
Action function is called on a RDD object, all the data processing
queries are computed at that time and the result value is returned.
– Some of the Action operations are reduce, collect, count, first, take,
countByKey, and foreach.
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14. How in-memory computing Improve Performance
• Intermediate data is not spilled to disk
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15. Performance improvement in DAG executions
• New shuffle implementation, sort-based shuffle uses single buffer
which reduces substantial memory overhead and can support huge
workloads in a single stage. Earlier concurrent buffers were used
• The revamped network module in Spark maintains its own pool of
memory, thus bypassing JVM’s memory allocator, reducing the
impact of garbage collection.
• New external shuffle service ensures that Spark can still serve
shuffle files even when the executors are in GC pauses.
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16. • Timsort, which is a derivation of quicksort and mergesort. It works
better than earlier quicksort in partially ordered datasets.
• Exploiting cache locality reduced sorting by factor of 5.
sort_key record sort_key location
The Spark cluster was able to sustain 3GB/s/node I/O activity during the
map phase, and 1.1 GB/s/node network activity during the reduce phase,
saturating the 10Gbps link available on these machines.
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10b 10b100b 4b

17. • The memory consumed by RDDs can be optimized per size of data
• Performance can be tuned by caching
• MR supports only Map and Reduce operations and everything (join,
groupby etc) has to be fit into the Map and Reduce model, which
might not be the efficient way. Spark supports 80 other
transformations and actions.
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18. References
• http://spark.apache.org/
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Spark
• http://opensource.com/business/15/1/apache-spark-new-world-
record
• http://www.cloudera.com/content/cloudera/en/products-and-
services/cdh/spark.html
• http://vision.cloudera.com/mapreduce-spark/
• http://thesohiljain.blogspot.in/2015/03/apache-spark-
introduction.html
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19. Thank You
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