First session in AI in healthcare crash course. Presented by Soheyl Daliraan MS.c. at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. In this session, Soheyl is discussing: - What AI is? - What are AI application? - Search Problem - Adversarial Search Problem or Games - CSP (Constrained Search Problem)

2. Syllabus: Session 1 - AI
● What is AI ?
● Rational Agent
● History of AI
● AI Applications
● AI in HealthCare: AI Can Save Lives
● AI Problems:
○ Search
■ Local Search
○ Games
○ CSP
○ Machine Learning

3. AI
Artificial Intelligence

4. What is AI ?
Cognitive Science
Cognitive Neuroscience

5. What is AI ?

6. What is AI ?

7. What is AI ?
Acting Rationally

8. What is AI ?
Acting Rationally
Maximize
Goal Achievement

9. Rational Agent
● Rationality not omniscience

10. Rational Agent
● Rationality not omniscience

11. Rational Agent (Cont’d)
● Utility-based Agent
Utility
Environment
Actuator
Sensor

12. Rational Agent (Cont’d)
● Utility-based Agent
Utility
Environment
Actuator
Sensor

13. Rational Agent (Cont’d)
● Utility-based Agent
Utility
Environment
Actuator
Sensor

14. Rational Agent (Cont’d)
● Utility-based Agent
Utility
Environment
Actuator
Sensor

15. Rational Agent (Cont’d)
● Utility-based Agent
Utility
Environment
Actuator
Sensor

16. Rational Agent (Cont’d)
● Utility-based Agent
Utility
Environment
Actuator
Sensor

17. Rational Agent (Cont’d)
● Utility-based Agent
Utility
Environment
Actuator
Sensor

18. AI Main tasks
● Text Processing

19. AI Main tasks
● Image and Video Processing

20. AI Main tasks
● Image and Video Processing
Autonomous Driving Car Semantic
Segmentation

21. AI Main tasks
● Image and Video Processing
Multi-Human 2D Pose Estimation

22. AI Main tasks
● Image and Video Processing
Automated Action Recognition in
Video

23. AI Main tasks
● Speech Processing
Video Automatic Captioning
(Speech-to-text)

24. AI Main tasks
● Motion
Atlas, Boston Dynamics

25. AI Main tasks
● Motion
Atlas, Boston Dynamics

26. AI in Healthcare

27. AI in Healthcare: AI can save lives !
● Diabetic Retinopathy
Scaling Problem

28. AI in Healthcare: AI can save lives !

29. AI in Healthcare: AI can save lives !
91 95
F-score
Algorithm
Ophthalmologist
(median)
Lower Precision
Inconsistent Precision

30. AI in Healthcare: AI can save lives !
● New Discoveries
Predicting Risk of
having Cardiovascular
Attack in 5 years
0.7
AUC

31. AI in Healthcare: AI can save lives !
● U-net: Biomedical Image Segmentation
EM Images

32. History of AI

33. History of AI

34. History of AI

35. History of AI

36. History of AI

37. History of AI

38. History of AI

39. History of AI

40. History of AI

41. History of AI

42. History of AI

43. History of AI

44. History of AI

45. History of AI

46. History of AI

47. History of AI

48. History of AI

49. History of AI

50. History of AI

51. History of AI

52. Search

53. Example of Search Problems
8-Puzzle 8-queens

54. Pacman
Example of Search Problems

55. Search Problem Applications
● Rescue Bots
SLAM
Simultaneous Localization and Mapping

56. Arad to Bucharest

57. Arad to Bucharest

58. Formulate Arad to Bucharest as a Search Problem
States
Actions
Goal Test
Path Cost
Initial State
Successor

59. Formulate Arad to Bucharest as a Search Problem
States
Actions
Goal Test
Path Cost
Goal State
Successor

60. Tree

61. Tree
Root

62. Tree
Root

63. Tree

64. Search Tree

65. Search Tree

66. Search Algorithms
● Uninformed (Blind) Search
○ Depth First Search - DFS

67. Search Algorithms
● Uninformed (Blind) Search
○ Depth First Search - DFS

68. Search Algorithms
● Uninformed (Blind) Search
○ Breadth First Search - BFS

69. Search Algorithms
● Uninformed (Blind) Search
○ Breadth First Search - BFS

70. Search Algorithms
● Uninformed (Blind) Search
○ Uniform Cost Search - UCS

71. Search Algorithms
● Uninformed (Blind) Search
○ Uniform Cost Search - UCS

72. Search Algorithms
● Informed Search
○ Heuristic

73. Search Algorithms
● Informed Search
○ Heuristic
Estimates how close a state is to a goal

74. Search Algorithms
● Informed Search
○ Heuristic

75. Search Algorithms
● Informed Search
○ Greedy
Usually Reaches to Wrong Goal

76. ● Informed Search
○ A*
Search Algorithms

77. Search Algorithms
● Informed Search
○ A*

78. Search Algorithms
● Local Search
Optimization
Search Problem
Distance From Goal Cost Function
Partially Observable
Environment

79. Search Algorithms
● Local Search
○ Genetic Algorithm

80. Search Algorithms
● Local Search
○ Genetic Algorithm
Selection Fitness Function

81. Search Algorithms
● Local Search
○ Genetic Algorithm
Crossover

82. Search Algorithms
● Local Search
○ Genetic Algorithm

83. Game
Adversarial Search

84. Adversarial Search - Games
● Types of Games
Rational Players

85. Adversarial Search - Games

87. Adversarial Search - Games
● Minimax Tree

88. Adversarial Search - Games
● Uncertainty

89. Adversarial Search - Games
● Multi-Agent Games

90. Adversarial Search - Games
● Utilities
Utilities
Preferences

91. Adversarial Search - Games
● People's Preferences is not Rational
Utilities
Preferences

92. Adversarial Search - Games
● People's Preferences is not Rational
Utilities
Preferences
Cognitive Bias

93. CSP
Constraint Satisfaction Problem

94. CSP is an Identification Problem
Planning
Identification

95. Map Coloring Problem
Variables
Domains
Constraints
Assignments

96. Other CSP Problems Example
● Scheduling Problem
● Assignment Problem
● Timetabling Problem

97. Solving CSP Problems
● Using Standard Search

98. Backtracking Search
Check Constraint as You Go
02
One Variable at a time
01

99. Other AI Research Topics
● Logic
● BNs (Bayes Networks)
● Decision Networks
● MM (Markov Model) and MDP (Markov Decision Process)
● HMM (Hidden Markov Models) and Filtering
● … And

100. ML
Machine Learning
Next Session