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Cell/B.E. Servers: A Platform for Real Time Scalable Computing and Visualization
1.
© 2008 IBM
Corporation11 July 2008 IBM T.J. Watson Research Center Cell/B.E. Servers: A Platform for Real Time Scalable Computing and Visualization Bruce D’Amora Emerging Systems Software Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights, NY
2.
2 IBM T.J. Watson
Research Center CBE for High Performance Computing and Scalable Visualization | 11 July 2008 © 2008 IBM Corporation SW SW SW SW Workstation deployments are complex, costly and limit application scalability Net- works Data SW Data Center Users Net- work Data Net- work Data Net- work Data Net- work Data Est. TCO: $2000/month per workstation
3.
3 IBM T.J. Watson
Research Center CBE for High Performance Computing and Scalable Visualization | 11 July 2008 © 2008 IBM Corporation Interest is converging toward remote, virtualized desktops Compute intensive solutions – Interactive Graphics and Dynamic Simulation require performance scalability not achievable on a workstation Large secure data models Cost of ownership driving toward centrally managed application solutions Collaborative, interactive design review solutions – between partners; between teams
4.
4 IBM T.J. Watson
Research Center CBE for High Performance Computing and Scalable Visualization | 11 July 2008 © 2008 IBM Corporation Why now? Better network connectivity Pressure to lower costs Highly replicated worker stations Globalized teaming IP & data confidentiality protection afforded by centralization Changing cost structure – SW vs. HW, People vs. equipment Microprocessor design trends: vectorization and parallelization Applications are being re-written to take advantage of multi-threaded and ultimately distributed platforms
5.
5 IBM T.J. Watson
Research Center CBE for High Performance Computing and Scalable Visualization | 11 July 2008 © 2008 IBM Corporation Scalable, high performance graphics and simulation Interactive or real-time response time which generally requires Low latency and high bandwidth communications I/O (network, storage system, etc.) memory The biggest inhibitors to remote scalable application solutions are the need for:
6.
6 IBM T.J. Watson
Research Center CBE for High Performance Computing and Scalable Visualization | 11 July 2008 © 2008 IBM Corporation Cell/B.E. is a building block for homogeneous and heterogeneous HPC platforms Homogeneous systems may be appropriate – HPC applications like seismic processing where large batches of data must be processed by proprietary image processing pipelines Heterogeneous application design points – Client/server systems splitting application so compute intensive tasks on server; GUI on PC/workstation/handheld – Application components executing on different server nodes Accelerator strategy becoming more prevalent – Cell/B.E., Power, Intel mixed server nodes – PCI-express accelerators such as GPUs
7.
7 IBM T.J. Watson
Research Center CBE for High Performance Computing and Scalable Visualization | 11 July 2008 © 2008 IBM Corporation IBM® PowerXCell™ 8i Processor Accelerator Board IBM PowerXCell 8i Processor IBM South Bridge Soldered DDR Soldered DDR PCI E Connector Ethernet IBM South- Bridge IBM PowerXCell 8i Processor (2.8 GHz) DDR2 Memory Bcom 5704 PCI-x PCI-e x16 1 Gb E 1 Gb E PCI-e Form Factor Board IBM PowerXCell 8i processor 2.8 GHz 2 or 4 GB DDR2 I/O – One PCI-e x16 Bus – Two 1 Gb Ethernet – 8 General Purpose I/O’s Software – IBM SDK V 3.0 – Fedora 7
8.
8 IBM T.J. Watson
Research Center CBE for High Performance Computing and Scalable Visualization | 11 July 2008 © 2008 IBM Corporation System Z and Cell/B.E. Vision is a ‘Marriage’ of Two Technologies that Perfectly Complement Each Other Integrated and/ or networked Cell/B.E. Solution Characteristics – Mission critical functionality – Significant amounts of data storage – Significant transactional content – Computational intense operations – Critical need for governance, i.e. security, auditing, compliance, availability – High potential for integration with other applications – Reduced power and space Examples – Financial analytics – Medical Imaging – Computer Vision – Bioinformatics – Real Time Ray Tracing – Virtual Worlds Z today Z tomorrow QS20, QS21, QS2x Preserves the same programming model between Network & Integrated Cell Blade Digital Media Financial Services Sector Digital Video Surveillance Aerospace and Defense Electronic Design Automation Chemicals & Petroleum Information Based Medicine Courtesy of Hoplon
9.
9 IBM T.J. Watson
Research Center CBE for High Performance Computing and Scalable Visualization | 11 July 2008 © 2008 IBM Corporation Cell/B.E. plus AMD equals Roadrunner Cluster of 18 Connected Units (CU) • 6,912 AMD dual-core Opterons • 12,960 IBM Cell/B.E. eDP accelerators • 9.8 teraflops peak (Opteron) • 1.33 petaflops peak (Cell/B.E. eDP) • 1PF sustained Linpack InfiniBand 4x DDR fabric • all-optical cables • 384 GB/s (bi-directional) • 3.45 TB/s (bidirectional) 80 TB aggregate memory • 28 TB Opteron • 52 TB Cell/B.E. • 216 GB/s sustained File System I/O: • 216x2 10G Ethernets to Panasas Software RHEL and Fedora Linux IBM SDK for Multicore Acceleration xCAT Cluster Management • System-wide GbE network 3.9 MW Power: • 0.35 GF/Watt Area: • 296 racks • 5500 ft2
10.
10 IBM T.J. Watson
Research Center CBE for High Performance Computing and Scalable Visualization | 11 July 2008 © 2008 IBM Corporation Cell/B.E. Real-time Application Solutions PC/Workstations, consoles, handhelds Scalable Network BackboneGbE/IB IB/GbE BC-H IBM TotalStorage IBMQS2x IBMQS2x IBMQS2x IBMHS2x IBMQS2x IBMQS2x IBMQS2x IBMQS2x IBMQS2x IBMHS2x IBMQS2x IBMQS2x IBMQS2x IBMQS2x IBMQS2x IBMHS2x IBMQS2x IBMQS2x Online Gaming and Rendering BladeCenter H chassis rack mounted, 4 per rack Heterogeneous solutions with Cell/B.E. and Intel blade servers GbE or Infiniband attached storage PC, Workstation, Game Consoles, Settop box, Handheld clients Wired or wirelessly connected
11.
11 IBM T.J. Watson
Research Center CBE for High Performance Computing and Scalable Visualization | 11 July 2008 © 2008 IBM Corporation Game Engine based on Cell/B.E. servers and Intel workstations Enables the next generation virtual environments – Current online video games engines perform limited amount of physical simulation – Not enough client CPU resources – No distributed physics – Bandwidth & Latency between processing nodes prohibitive to achieving real time performance Enable complex visual F/X movies on large servers - Machinima
12.
12 IBM T.J. Watson
Research Center CBE for High Performance Computing and Scalable Visualization | 11 July 2008 © 2008 IBM Corporation Intel/AMD PCs Game Consoles Network Scene Management Simulation User Input Client Server Server Model of World State Users View Client Model of World State Entity State Input from Server World State Input from Client Entity State Verification Input from Client Simulation Online Game Client/Server Execution Flow Rendering Rendering Composite Render Input from Server IBM QS2x Blades
13.
13 IBM T.J. Watson
Research Center CBE for High Performance Computing and Scalable Visualization | 11 July 2008 © 2008 IBM Corporation Scaling Virtual Worlds Game Framework Network Manager Player Login Event Handlers Client Intel/AMD PCs Consoles Handhelds Client Renderer Interpolator Local Database Event Handler IBM Cell/B.E. Servers Higher compute power required . . Rigid Body Zone0Zone1Zonen Collisions Rigid Body Collisions Network Compression Arithmetic Coding Network Compression Arithmetic Coding Divide Virtual world into geographic zones Intel/AMD/Power Servers Lower compute power required Virtual World State Manager Rigid Body Collisions Network Compression Arithmetic Coding Virtual World State Manager Virtual World State Manager Server-side State: Distributed Model
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Research Center CBE for High Performance Computing and Scalable Visualization | 11 July 2008 © 2008 IBM Corporation Scaling Virtual Worlds IBM Cell/B.E. Servers Higher compute power required . . Virtual World State Manager Game Framework Network Manager Blade 0 Rigid Body Blade 1 Blade n Node0Node1Noden Client Renderer Interpolator Local Database Collisions Rigid Body Collisions Rigid Body Collisions Player Login Event Handlers Network Compression Arithmetic Coding Network Compression Arithmetic Coding Network Compression Arithmetic Coding Dispatch work (elements of Virtual World) to Compute Nodes Event Handler Intel/AMD/Power/Z Servers Lower compute power required More transaction processing Client Intel/AMD PCs Consoles Handhelds Server-side State: Centralized Model
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Research Center CBE for High Performance Computing and Scalable Visualization | 11 July 2008 © 2008 IBM Corporation Server Side Physics Loop on Cell/B.E. Servers Numerical Integration to obtain positions of bodies for next step Sparse Matrix solvers Perform very well on Cell/B.E. Collision detection Bounding box culling Sorting Point/triangle intersection Even sorting has proven to be very fast on Cell SPUs !!
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Research Center CBE for High Performance Computing and Scalable Visualization | 11 July 2008 © 2008 IBM Corporation UCSD Scalable City Project (Sheldon Brown, UCSD)
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Research Center CBE for High Performance Computing and Scalable Visualization | 11 July 2008 © 2008 IBM Corporation Scalable City Pipeline: Landscape creation
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Research Center CBE for High Performance Computing and Scalable Visualization | 11 July 2008 © 2008 IBM Corporation Scalable City Pipeline: Border Detection
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Research Center CBE for High Performance Computing and Scalable Visualization | 11 July 2008 © 2008 IBM Corporation Scalable City Pipeline: Space Filling Curve is GeneratedScalable City Pipeline: Space Filling Curve is Generated
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Research Center CBE for High Performance Computing and Scalable Visualization | 11 July 2008 © 2008 IBM Corporation Scalable City Pipeline: Simple Curves Converted into Road Geometry
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Research Center CBE for High Performance Computing and Scalable Visualization | 11 July 2008 © 2008 IBM Corporation Before use of cell, this was pre- computed (before game play session) Roads Integrated into Landscape
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Research Center CBE for High Performance Computing and Scalable Visualization | 11 July 2008 © 2008 IBM Corporation Cell based computation ofCell based computation of similar pipelinesimilar pipeline –– takes place intakes place in about 1 second using one bladeabout 1 second using one blade per landscape (per landscape (demodemo))
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Research Center CBE for High Performance Computing and Scalable Visualization | 11 July 2008 © 2008 IBM Corporation IRT Rendering Engine: IBM demo technology
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Research Center CBE for High Performance Computing and Scalable Visualization | 11 July 2008 © 2008 IBM Corporation SPE Partitions Blade 0 Blade 1 Blade 2 Blade 3 Blade 4 Blade 5 Blade 6 GDC 07 Configuration, Seven QS20 Blades, 3.2 TFLOPS iRT Blade Performance Scaling 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Blades Frames/Sec 1080p 1 Realtime ray tracing including • Reflection/transparency • detailed shadows • ambient occlusion • 4x4 jittered multi-sampling Totaling up to 288 rays/pixel Lamborghini car model • 1.6 million polygons • 1080p hi-def. • demo Also Shown at GDC March 2007 • PS3 node w/ seven QS20 blades • 3 Million Triangle Urban Landscape • >100 Textures • 1080p HDTV GigabitNetwork Scalability at processor and system level
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Research Center CBE for High Performance Computing and Scalable Visualization | 11 July 2008 © 2008 IBM Corporation Cell/B.E. vs. G80 – Ray tracing Performance IBM QS20 Blade (Two 3.2 GHz Cell Processors) - IBM Demo ray tracer Despite comparable theoretical floating point performance: – One Cell/BE is 4-5x faster than G80. – One QS20 blade (two Cell/BE processors) is 8-11x faster than G80 AMD Opteron, the defacto industry workhorse for rendering is easily overwhelmed by Cell/B.E. or G80. Secondary Ray processing – Incoherent nature makes them difficult to process on G80, but they are easily handled by Cell/B.E. Cell/B.E. is half the size of the G80 and produces five times the ray-tracing performance. Left to Right: •2.6 GHz AMD Opteron - Saarland Ray- tracer •nVIDIA GeForce 8800 GTX - Saarland Ray-tracer •Sony Playstation3 (partial 3.2 GHz Cell/B.E. processor running Linux) - IBM Demo •3.2 GHz Cell/B.E. Processor - IBM Demo
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Research Center CBE for High Performance Computing and Scalable Visualization | 11 July 2008 © 2008 IBM Corporation Cell/B.E. enables scalable, shared architecture with full consumer to professional potential Sony PLAYSTATION©3 (Cell/B.E. + GPU) IBM Cell/B.E. Blade (2 Cell/B.E.) IBM Roadrunner (16,000 Cell/B.E. + AMD) Mercury 1u Dual Cell Sony Cell/B.E. Computing Unit (Cell/B.E. + GPU + AV I/O) Consumer Professional High Perf ComputingBusiness PowerXcell 8i PCI card (Cell/B.E. + Host) Common OS’s, Infrastructure, Tools, Libraries, Code… Toshiba Spurs Engine (SPU’s. + Host)
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Research Center CBE for High Performance Computing and Scalable Visualization | 11 July 2008 © 2008 IBM Corporation © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2007 All Rights Reserved This document was developed for IBM offerings in the United States as of the date of publication. IBM may not make these offerings available in other countries, and the information is subject to change without notice. Consult your local IBM business contact for information on the IBM offerings available in your area. In no event will IBM be liable for damages arising directly or indirectly from any use of the information contained in this document. Information in this document concerning non-IBM products was obtained from the suppliers of these products or other public sources. Questions on the capabilities of non-IBM products should be addressed to the suppliers of those products. IBM may have patents or pending patent applications covering subject matter in this document. The furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these patents. Send license inquires, in writing, to IBM Director of Licensing, IBM Corporation, New Castle Drive, Armonk, NY 10504- 1785 USA. All statements regarding IBM future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only. The information contained in this document has not been submitted to any formal IBM test and is provided "AS IS" with no warranties or guarantees either expressed or implied. All examples cited or described in this document are presented as illustrations of the manner in which some IBM products can be used and the results that may be achieved. Actual environmental costs and performance characteristics will vary depending on individual client configurations and conditions. IBM Global Financing offerings are provided through IBM Credit Corporation in the United States and other IBM subsidiaries and divisions worldwide to qualified commercial and government clients. Rates are based on a client's credit rating, financing terms, offering type, equipment type and options, and may vary by country. Other restrictions may apply. Rates and offerings are subject to change, extension or withdrawal without notice. IBM is not responsible for printing errors in this document that result in pricing or information inaccuracies. All prices shown are IBM's United States suggested list prices and are subject to change without notice; reseller prices may vary. IBM hardware products are manufactured from new parts, or new and serviceable used parts. Regardless, our warranty terms apply. Many of the features described in this document are operating system dependent and may not be available on Linux. For more information, please check: http://www.ibm.com/systems/p/software/whitepapers/linux_overview.html Any performance data contained in this document was determined in a controlled environment. Actual results may vary significantly and are dependent on many factors including system hardware configuration and software design and configuration. Some measurements quoted in this document may have been made on development-level systems. There is no guarantee these measurements will be the same on generally-available systems. Some measurements quoted in this document may have been estimated through extrapolation. Users of this document should verify the applicable data for their specific environment. Special Notices
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