A SETTLEMENT IS A PLACE WHERE PEOPLE LIVE. A SETTLEMENT MAY BE AS SMALL AS A SINGLE HOUSE IN A REMOTE AREA OR AS LARGE AS A MEGA CITY. A SETTLEMENT MAY ALSO BE PERMANENT OR TEMPORARY (REFUGEE CAMP). AND A TEMPORARY SETTLEMENT MAY BECOME PERMANENT OVER TIME. Forms of human settlements, Urban and Rural forms, settelments, cities, Linear city , radial city,villages, hamlets, dwelings, ec.

1. MRIIRS
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN
Ar. SIMRAN VATS
Assistant Professor
FORMS OF SETTELMENTS

2. SETTLEMENTS
 A SETTLEMENT IS A PLACE WHERE PEOPLE
LIVE.
 A SETTLEMENT MAY BE AS SMALL AS A SINGLE
HOUSE IN A REMOTE AREA OR AS LARGE AS A
MEGA CITY.
 A SETTLEMENT MAY ALSO BE PERMANENT OR
TEMPORARY (REFUGEE CAMP). AND A
TEMPORARY SETTLEMENT MAY BECOME
PERMANENT OVER TIME.
 A SETTLEMENT SITE AND SITUATION:
 The piece of land upon a settlement is built is the
settlement site.
 There are many reasons why a site might be chosen
for the development of a settlement and some factors
will be more important than others. Also, the

4. SETTLEMENT SITE AND
SITUATION:
 The situation of a settlement is its position in
relation to the surrounding and physical features,
many of which will have an impact on the
settlement’s type, size and function.
 -However, the importance of many of the factors
explained before diminish over time as
technological advances enable people to
overcome difficulties.
 -For example, a modern settlement does not
need to be close to a river because drinking water
is now piped to our homes and waterways are no
longer important for transport.

5. SETTLEMENT HIERARCHIES:
 -If we group and classify a number of settlements
according to their size and shape the result is
settlement hierarchy.
 -As you move up the hierarchy, the size of the
settlement and the distance between similar sized
settlements increases.
 -The number of services that a settlement
provides increases with the settlement size.

7. FORMS OF HUMAN
SETTLEMENTS:
 Settlements can broadly be divided into two
types – Rural and Urban.
 Rural settlements:
 It is a sparsely populated place, like a village, with
few built-up areas where the inhabitants are
engaged in primary activities such as farming,
fishing and mining.

9. Characteristics of rural
settlements:
 Dominant Functions:
 – mainly primary activities ( example: farming,
mining and lumbering)
 Amenities:
 – few amenities, poor accessibility
 – gets water from rivers and wells
 – may not have schools and clinics
 – travel long hours to get to nearest amenities in
town or city
 – footpaths, unpaved and narrow roads used to
move around.

10. Way of life:
 In LDCs (least developed countries):
 – simple way of life, slower pace of life
 – less traffic, less pollution
 – open interaction between people in the same
community
 ( eg, children play in an open space in a rural
settlement in china)
 – family unit tend to be closely knit and community
activities throughout the year draw people together
 In DCs ( Developed countries):
 – higher standards of living
– greater access to amenities and services
 ( eg, healthcare, education).

11. Types of Rural Settlements:
 Geographers have suggested various schemes of
classification.
 If we group settlements found all over the country,
these can broadly be grouped
 under four categories:
 Compact/clustered/nucleated settlement
 Semi-compact/Semi-clustered/fragmented
settlement
 Hamleted settlement
 Dispersed settlement.

12. Urban settlements:

13. Urban settlements:
 Its is a densely populated area, like a town or city,
where the inhabitants are engaged in secondary
industry such as manufacturing and tertiary
industry such as tourism.

14. FORMS OF HUMAN
SETTLEMENTS
 1.Compact, clustered & nucleated Settlements :
 A rural settlement where a number of families live in
close proximity to each other, with fields surrounding the
collection of houses and farm buildings.
 A clustered rural settlement typically includes homes,
barns , tool sheds, and other farm structures along with
religious and school structures.
 Each person that lives on a clustered rural settlement is
allocated strips of land in the surrounding fields. The
strips of land are allocated differently, some people own
or rent the land. When the population of a settlement
grows too large for the capacity of the surrounding fields,
new settlements are established nearby.
 Homes, public buildings, and fields in a clustered rural
settlement are arranged according to local cultural and
physical characteristics. Clustered rural settlements are
often arranged in one of two types of patterns: circular

15.  Radial pattern settlements :
 In this type, a number of streets converge on one centre which
may be a source of water (pond, well), a temple or mosque, a
centre of commercial activity or simply an open space.Thus,
the streets seem to be radiating from a common centre.
 Examples are settlements near Gurushikar, Mount Abu in
Rajasthan,
Vindhyachal in Uttar Pradesh, etc.
 Circular pattern settlements :
 -The circular form consists of a central open space surrounded
by structures. T his model has a center with homes, barns,
schools, and churches and as you move away from the center,
it is surrounded by farmland.
 -Small garden plots were located in the first ring surrounding
the village, with cultivated land, pastures and woodlands in
successive rings.
 -They resemble model as they are circular and have a center
focal point.

16.  2.Semi-compact/Semi-clustered/fragmented settlement
 -In this type of settlement the built-up area is less compact as
compared to the clustered settlement.
 -It may result from segregation or fragmentation of a large compact
village.
 -Some sections of a village society choose or is forced to live a little
away from the main cluster or village.
 -The land-owning and dominant community occupies the central part
of the main village, whereas people of lower status of settle on the
outer flanks of the village.
 Such settlements are found in Gujarat plain and parts of Rajasthan.
 -It is also called hamleted clustered or quasi-compact rural
settlement. In this type
 besides the main human settlement, one or more satellite
settlements (wadi, wasti) are found,which linked with the footpath
may be metalled or unmetlled road.
 -It may be called fragmented or hamlated rural settlement. This type
of settlement has
 number of hamlets and therefore, no recognizable central site and is

17. Nucleated settlements are towns where buildings are close together,
often clustered around a central point. The location of a nucleated
settlement can be determined by a range of factors, including being easy
to defend, close to a water supply or located at a route centre.

18. Rural and urban settlements
 When people inhabit a specific area, this area is
called a “settlement.” (asentamiento)
 Differences between rural and urban settlements:
 -The number and concentration of inhabitants
 -The economic activity of the inhabitants
 -The territorial extension and its landscape
 -The shape and size of streets and buildings
 -The public services offered to inhabitants.

19. settlements
 Dominant functions:
 – residential, towns & cities, commercial and industrial
 – some towns may concentrate on industries, tourism or administration
 Amenities( in Singapore):
 – safe drinking water form taps
 – ready supply of electricity and gas
 – many towns served by trains ( eg, MRT & LRT)
 – community centres, town halls, schools and hospitals provided
 Way of life:
 – people lead a fast pace of life
 – homes well-furnished with basic necessities
 – amenities such as restaurants and recreational centres established to cater to
growing demands of people in urban areas.
 Types of towns according to its shape
 There are three types of towns;
 -Street town: All the houses are situated along both sides of a road.
 -Concentrate: All the houses are situated along one building. E.g: City Hall,
Church

21. Types of towns according to its
economic activity
 There are three types:
 -Agricultural or fishing town: The majority of the
population works in the agriculture of fishing.
 -“Agrociudad”: When the majority of the
population works in agriculture but the town is
similar to a city: Stop lights, buildings, services.
 -Residential town: Its a continuation of the urban
environment in rural space.

22. Urban settlements
 -Is the result of the concentration of the population in
cities.
 -50% of the Earth’s population lives in cities.
 -This varies according to the continents. In Europe
and America the number is over 75%, meanwhile in
Africa and Asia is lower than 45%.
 -This settlements have a population of more than
10.000 inhabitants.
 The characteristics of urban settlements are:
 The predominant economic activity
 According to their function
 According to their landscape

23.  Economic activity and city functions
 Cities are classified according to their functions or main economic activity:
 -Residential function
 -Commercial function
 -Industrial function
 -Political function
 -Cultural function
 -Religious function
 Urban structure
 A city is classified according to the structure or zones in which it is divided.
These are:
 Historic center: Is the zone of the city that developed the city’s origin until
the XIX century. It occupies a small, but important part of the city, because of
its cultural, historic and artistic value.
 Urban expansion area: Is the part of the city that developed after the XIX
century. It mostly consists of houses for the workers of the new industries.
 Periphery: Because of the enormous growth of Spanish cities in the 1960’s,
citizens started to settle outside of the city. It refers to the area surrounding
the main transport routes.

28. FORTIFIED STAR

29. COPENHAGEN
CITY

30. MOSCOW CITY

31. DANMARK PARIS

32. THANK YOU