Wind power

1. WIND ENERGY

2.  Wind energy is the fastest growing renewable
 Wind turbines are up to the task of producing
serious amounts of electricity

3. Principles

4. Force Strength km/h Effect
0 Calm 0-1 Smoke rises vertically
1 Light air 1-5 Smoke drifts slowly
2 Light breeze 6-11 Wind felt on face; leaves rustle
3 Gentle breeze 12-19 Twigs move; light flag unfurls
4 Moderate breeze 20-29 Dust and paper blown about; small branches move
5 Fresh breeze 30-39 Wavelets on inland water; small trees move
6 Strong breeze 40-50 Large branches sway; umbrellas turn inside out
7 Near gale 51-61 Whole trees sway; difficult to walk against wind
8 Gale 62-74 Twigs break off trees; walking very hard
9 Strong gale 75-87 Chimney pots, roof tiles and branches blown down
10 Storm 88-101 Widespread damage to buildings
11 Violent Storm 102-117 Widespread damage to buildings
12 Hurricane Over 119 Devastation
Beaufort Scale

5. Velocity with Height

6. Potential

7.  Huge potential exists
 Available potential can contribute five
times the world energy demand
 0.4% contribution to total energy

8. Wind is currently the world’s fastest growing energy source

10. Installed Capacity (MW) in 2005

11. All India Fuel wise Installed Capacity, 2004
Hydro
26%
Gas
10%
Coal
58%
Nuclear
2%
Wind
3%
Diesel
1%

12. State wise potential in India, 2005
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
Gross Potential 8275 9675 6620 875 5500 3650 1700 5400 3050 450
Installed Capacity 120.6 253.53 410.75 2 28.85 456.15 2 284.76 2040.3 1.1
AP
Gujara
t
Karnat
aka
Kerala MP
Mahar
ashtra
Orissa
Rajast
han
TN WB
MW

13. Technology

14. Turbine Evolution
Used for
• Pumping water
• Grinding grain
Mainly used for
• Generating Electricity

15. Economics

16. Determining Factors
 Wind Speed
 Turbine design and construction
 Rated capacity of the turbine
 Exact Location
 Improvements in turbine design
 Capital

17. Wind Speed Matters
Assuming
the same
size project,
the better
the wind
resource,
the lower
the cost.

18. Size Matters
Assuming the
same wind
speed of 8.08
m/s, a large
wind farm is
more
economical

19. Overall cost distribution

20. Break down of capital cost

21. Energy Cost Trend
1979: 40 cents/kWh
 Increased
Turbine Size
 R&D Advances
 Manufacturing
Improvements
2004:
3 – 4.5 cents/kWh
2000:
4 - 6 cents/kWh

22. Economic Advantages

23.  Greater fuel diversity
 No delay in construction
 Low maintenance costs
 Reliable and durable equipment
 Additional income to land owners
 More jobs per unit energy produced
 No hidden costs

25. Typical Concerns

26.  Visual impact
 Off shore turbines
 Arrangement
 Avian concerns
 Suitable choice of site
 Using tubular towers instead of lattice tower
 Using radars

27.  Noise
 Varies as 5th power of relative wind speed
 Streamlining of tower and nacelle
 Acoustic insulation of nacelle
 Specially designed gear box
 Use of upwind turbines
 Reducing angle of attack
 Low tip speed ratios

28.  Changes in wind patterns
 Reducing turbulence
 Intermittent
 Coupling with hydro or solar energy
 TV, microwave, radar interference
 Switching from conducting material to
non-conducting and composite material

29.  Wind energy is pollution free and nature
friendly
 Wind energy has very good potential and it is
the fastest growing energy source
 The future looks bright for wind energy
because technology is becoming more
advanced and windmills are becoming more
efficient

30. THANK YOU