Italian women street harassment

1. (A report on woman unsafety feelings on daily commuting in the city of Rome)
By:
SiamakAhmadzadehBazzaz
ProjectCoursePresentation:of SociologyandUrbanPathology byDr.HosseinAkbari
Italian Women Street Harassment

2. BEST FOR You
O R G A N I C S C O M P A N Y
Definition:
Harassment covers a wide range of behaviours of
an offensive nature. It is commonly understood as
behaviour that demeans, humiliates or embarrasses a
person, and it is characteristically identified by its
unlikelihood in terms of social and moral
reasonableness. In the legal sense, these are
behaviours that appear to be disturbing, upsetting
or threatening. It evolves from discriminatory
grounds, and has an effect of nullifying or impairing a
person from benefiting their rights. When this
behaviours become repetitive it is defined as bullying.
Sexual harassment refers to persistent and unwanted
sexual advances even after gently refusing, typically
in the workplace, where the consequences are
potentially very disadvantageous to the victim if there
is a power imbalance between the perpetuator.
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ItalianWomenStreetHarassment

3. BEST FOR You
O R G A N I C S C O M P A N Y
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HarassmentMajorTypes:
Electronic
Landlord
Mobile
Online
Police
Power
Psychological
Racial
Religious
Sexual
Workplace
ItalianWomenStreetHarassment

4. BEST FOR You
O R G A N I C S C O M P A N Y
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ItalianWomenStreetHarassment
SexualHarasment

5. SexualHarassment
ItalianWomenStreetHarassment

6. SexualHarassment
ItalianWomenStreetHarassment

7. Woman-Ageof First Experienceof Streetharassment
ItalianWomenStreetHarassment

8. SexualHarassmentof WomenintheEU
ItalianWomenStreetHarassment

9. Percentageof Womenwhoreported beingwhistledatinthestreetintheirlife
ItalianWomenStreetHarassment
Source: Fondation Jean-Jaures
Percentageof Womenwhoreported beingwhistledatinthestreetin2018

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O R G A N I C S C O M P A N Y
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Women’sStreetHarasmentExperiencebyPercent
ItalianWomenStreetHarassment

11. Modelof HowStreetHarassmentisExperienced
Source: Ihollback.org
ItalianWomenStreetHarassment

12. StreetHarassmentamongsomeCountries:ItalyvsIran!
ItalianWomenStreetHarassment

13. Italy–legislationonsexualviolenceandsexualharassment
ItalianWomenStreetHarassment
Sexual Violence (Violenza Sessuale)
Italian legislation places sexual violence among the crimes against personal freedom. Law 66 of 1996 introduced a
new notion of sexual violence in article 609 bis of the Penal Code (PC).
This article reads:
Anyonewhoforcessomeonetoperformorundergosexualactswithviolenceorthreatsorthroughtheabuseof authorityis
punishedwithimprisonmentfromfivetotenyears.
Thesamepunishmentappliestowhomeverinducessomeonetoperformorundergosexualacts
abusinghisorherphysicalorpsychologicalinferiorityatthetimeof theact;ormisleadinghimorherbyassumingafakerole
oridentity.
Sexual Harassment (Molestia sessuale)
Sexual Harassment is not a crime specifically defined in the Criminal Code. Only Art. 26 of the Code of equal
opportunities between men and women - Legislative Decree No. 198/2006) defines sexual harassment as:
Anyformof unwantedverbal,non-verbalorphysicalconductof asexualnature,withthepurposeoreffectof violatinga
person'sdignity,orbycreatinganintimidating,hostile,degrading,humiliatingoroffensiveenvironment.Sexualharassment
isaformof discrimination.

14. Italy StreetHarassment ReportbyCornelUniversity
ItalianWomenStreetHarassment
79%of Italianwomenreporttheirfirstexperiencewithstreetharassmentbeforeage17.Infact,57%reporttheirfirstexperiencebeforeage15.Afull9%reportthat
ithappenedbeforetheyturned10.
•Nonverbalharassmentarethemostcommonlyexperiencedtypesof harassment,andfewwomenreportnotexperiencingthisbehavioratallduringthepastyear.
•Havingapersonexposehim/herself toyouistheleastcommonharassmentexperience,with76%of womenhavingnoexperiencewiththisatall.
•Overhalf of Italianwomenhavebeengropedorfondledinthepastyear.
•69%havebeenfollowedbyamanorgroupof meninawaythatmadethemfeelunsafeduringthepastyear
–13%of Italianwomenhaveexperiencedthisfrighteningbehaviourmorethan5times.

15. Italy StreetHarassment ReportbyCornelUniversity
ItalianWomenStreetHarassment
Streetharassmentof anykindseemstoresultinstrongfeelingsof anger--butfearisprimarilyrootedinfollowing/stalkingandanxietyresultsfromtheactionsof
groping,exposureandfollowing/stalking.
•Exposure,fondling/groping,andverbalharassmentcausedepressionwhileverbalharassmentcauseslowself esteem.
•Acommonrefrainisthatwomensecretlyfindharassmenttobeflattering.
•Somewomenreportfeelingnoemotionalreactionstostreetharassment,althoughtheyaretheminority.
•Itisimportanttodistinguishbetweentrends(i.e.,streetharassmenthasstrongeffectsonnegativeemotions)andpossibilities/outliers(i.e.,somewomenwillindeedfeel
nothingatall,orevenflattered,byit)

16. Italy StreetHarassment ReportbyCornelUniversity
ItalianWomenStreetHarassment
Overhalf of respondentsnotedthattheychangedtheirclothing,tookadifferentrouteortransportation,completelyavoidedanarea,changedthetimetheyleftanevent,
oravoidedsocializingbecauseof streetharassment(orthefearof it).
•Some(asmallamount)of respondentsevennotesthattheyresignedajoborskippedwork--orevenmoved cities--becauseof harassment.
•About26%of respondentsnotedthattheywerelatetoschoolorwork,whichcouldhavemajoreconomiceffectsonbothbusinessperformanceandonpersonal
finances.
Themajorityof streetharassmentoccurswithoutwitnesseswillingtohelp.
–Whenpeopledostoptohelp,itisaslikelytomakevictimsfeelbetterastofeelnothingorworse.
–Infact,ingeneral,bystandersoften--regardlessof theirintentionstohelp--makethingsworse.
•Womenaremorelikelytotalktofriendsthananyoneelseabouttheirharassmentexperiences.
•Womenfeelleastcomfortabletalkingtoindividualswithpowerorstatuspositionsabouttheirexperiences.
SocialMovements

17. Thank You
SiamakA.Bazzaz
Siamak.bazzaz:@uniroma1.it