2. Organization
Organization is a social system.
All parts of organization affect all other parts
Anything happening at one end is transmitted to the other end
Interrelationship between the elements & environment
Orderly behavior – equilibrium
Becomes an established way of life
Disturbance to this naturally exercises pressure
Evokes a reaction – acceptance/rejection
3. Organizational Change
Organizational change is the process by which organization move
from their present state to some desired future state to increase
effectiveness.
When an organization system is disturbed by some internal or
external forces change frequently occur or any alteration which
occur in the overall work environment of an organization.
4. Characteristics of O.C
Change happen for the pressure of both internal and external forces in the
organization.
Change in any part of the organization affect the whole organization.
Change may affect people , structure, technology, and other element of the
organization.
Change also affect the rate of speed and degree of significance of the
organization.
Change may be reactive or proactive.
5. Forces for change
External Forces
Demographic characteristics,
Technological advances,
Market changes, and
Social and political pressures
Internal Forces
Human resource problems and Prospects
Managerial behavior/decisions
6. Types of Change Agent
Outside Pressure Type
People Change Technology Type
Analysis for The Top Type
Organization Development Type
8. Process of Planned Change
Successful implementation of change requires knowledge about
the change process
The change process, propounded by Kurt Lewin, consists of 3
stages:
Unfreezing
Changing
Refreezing
Unfreezing Changing Refreezing
Recognizing the need for
change, casting aside old
values, behavior, or
Organizational structures
New values, behaviours
and structures replace
old ones. Action
oriented
Making change permanent
Practice what was learnt in
the second stage
9. Resistance to Change
Effort to block new ways of
doing things
Individual
Resistance
Group
Resistance
Organizational
Resistance
10. Individual Resistance
Below are stated some reasons why people resists changes. Some of these
appear to be rational or emotional. These reasons are:-
Economic factors
Habits
Insecurity
Lack of communication
Extend of change
Psychological factors
Social factors
11. Group Resistance
Most organizational changes have impact on formal groups in
the organization the main reason. why the groups resists
change is that they fear that their cohesiveness or existence
is threatened by it.
12. Organizational Resistance
Threat to power
Group inertia
Organizational structure
Threat to specialization
Resource constants
Sunk costs