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PROYECTO:
FORTALECIMIENTO DEL SISTEMA DE VIGILANCIA
PARA MEJORAR LA CONDICION FITOSANITARIA
DEL CACAO A NIVEL NACIONAL
Ing. Shirley Román
Calvimontes
Cel 67404403
METODOLOGIA DE MONITOREO DE
PLAGAS EN CACAO
OBJETIVOS DEL PROYECTO
OBJETIVO GENERAL
• Mejorar la condición fitosanitaria del cultivo de cacao, para contribuir al incremento
de la productividad en las zonas productores.
OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS
• Implementar un sistema de Vigilancia Fitosanitaria para el cacao cultivado en las zonas
productoras de Bolivia.
• Coadyuvar al control de plagas de importancia económica del cacao cultivado a través
del manejo y control de plagas en articulación con los beneficiarios del proyecto.
• Fortalecer las capacidades técnicas para el manejo y control de plagas en cacao, a los
beneficiarios del proyecto y técnicos municipales y otros actores, a través de la
ejecución de un plan de educación fitosanitaria.
• Implementar un Sistema de Alerta Temprana para el cultivo de cacao, para el reporte
oportuno de condiciones medioambientes propicios para el desarrollo de una epidémica
fitosanitaria.
MONITOREO DE
PLAGAS EN CACAO
DEFINICIÓN DE PLAGA
AGRICOLA
“Cualquier especie, raza o biotipo
vegetal o animal o agente patógeno
dañino para las plantas o productos
vegetales¨.
VIGILANCIA FITOSANITARIA
Un proceso oficial mediante el cual
se recoge y registra información
sobre la presencia o ausencia de
una plaga utilizando encuestas,
monitoreo u otros procedimientos.
ACTIVIDADES
• COMPONENTE 1. VIGILANCIA FITOSANITARIA:
• Tiene el propósito de establecer una estrategia nacional
para la prevención y control de plagas en cacao.
• Generar acciones para reducir la incidencia de plagas.
• Generar, monitorear, evalúar y reportar información
oportuna dirigida a los actores del sector cacaotero y
tomadores de decisión que permitan planificar acciones de
control de plagas.
DIAGNOSTICO EN CHIMORE, VILLA TUNARI Y
SHINAHOTA
Mazorca Negra Escoba de bruja Larva gusano
cuarteador
ESCALA DE MONITOREO
Escoba de Bruja
ESCALA DE MONITOREO
Mazorca Negra
ESCALA DE MONITOREO
Gusano Cuarteador
GRADO 0 GRADO 1 GRADO 2 GRADO 3 GRADO 4
Fruto sin daño de
insecto (Fotografías
Clon CCN51)
Canales y signos de
daño superficial
inicial en los frutos
que no afectan el
desarrollo en
tamaño.
Deformación moderada,
se observa presencia de
aserrín o excrementos.
Los daños son intensos y
deforman al fruto, pueden
observarse larvas grandes y
gran cantidad de
excrementos.
Fruto deformado y pequeño
que no alcanzara mayor
desarrollo en la etapa de
cosecha, disminuyendo el
grano en un alto porcentaje.
Fruto sin daño
0
Daño inicial
1-25%
Daño moderado
25% -50%
Daño alto
50-75%
>75%
DISTRIBUCION
PLAGA
TIPO ORGANISMO
Aislada Insectos
Plantas
Aisladas
Ácaros - insectos - malezas -
Fito patógenos – nematodos
Focos
Aislados
Ácaros - insectos - malezas -
Fito patógenos - nematodos
Distribución
Generalizada
Todos, excepto nematodos
En Bordes Insectos - ácaros - malezas
DISTRIBUCIÓN POR TIPO DE ORGANISMO
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Distribución
Generalizada
x x x x x
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x x x x x
TIPO DE
CULTIVO
N° DE PLANTAS
Cereales,
forrajeras,
praderas
10 ejes de plantas distintas y
contiguas
Cultivos en
hilera
5 plantas contiguas
Frutales y
parronales
2 arboles o plantas contiguas 10
submuestras de órganos por
árbol (hojas, frutos y tallos entre
intermedios - viejos)
3 Puntos de Evaluación para superficies menores de 2 ha., y
4 Puntos para superficies de 4 a 5 ha
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Distribución
Generalizada
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
• PORCENTAJE DE INCIDENCIA (Pl)
• POBLACIÓN (P)
• SEVERIDAD O INTENSIDAD DE
ATAQUE (IA)
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Distribución
Generalizada
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
• POBLACIÓN (P)
número de individuos o colonias presentes en una unidad
vegetal determinada:
• Por planta.
• O por órgano (hoja, rama, fruto, etc.)
• O por unidad de superficie (cm2, m2, etc.).
DAÑO (%) GRADO
0 1
1 a 5 2
5 a 20 3
20 a 50 4
Mayor a 50 5
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Distribución
Generalizada
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
• PORCENTAJE DE INCIDENCIA (Pl)
EJ: 2/5 X 100 = 40% de Incidencia
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Distribución
Generalizada
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SEVERIDAD
Grado 1 0 sano
Grado 2 menor al 25%
Grado 3 25 a 50%
Grado 4 mayor de 50% a 75%
Grado 5 mayor al 75%
NOMBRE DEL PRODUCTOR Franz Fernandez 2/9/2021
DATOS DE LA PARCELA COMUNIDAD ASOCIACIÓN/SINDICATO UBICACIÓN X 225169
M. Jordán TIPNIS Y 8140294
AREA (ha) EDAD DEL CULTIVO
0,5 5 - 6 años
VARIEDAD TIPO DE CULTIVO
CCN51 Otras Cacao Monocultivo, poca sombra
NOMBRE DEL EVALUADOR
SHIRLEY ROMAN CALVIMONTES
N° de brotes
evaluados
(brotes, cojin Observaciones
Planta sana Planta afectada
Brotes
sanos
Brotes
enfermos Grado 0 Grado 1 Grado 2 Grado 3
1 1,00 10 1 1
2 1,00 8 1 1
3 1,00 9 2 1 1
4 1,00 6 5 5
5 1,00 6 5 5
6
7
8
9
10
TOTAL 0,00 5,00 39 14 0 3 11 0
5,00 53 I= 5/5 x100
Incidencia 100 %
Severidad (3x1) +(11x 2) = 3+22 25 24 %
Firma y sello 53 x 2 106 106
N° de frutos en planta afectada
(grado de severidad)
N°de plantas
evaluadas
MONITOREO Y EVALUACIÓN EN CACAO
ESCOBA DE BRUJA (Moniliopthora perniciosa)
Estado de la planta evaluada
DECISIONES
• Una vez determinada la Incidencia y Severidad de una Plaga
tomamos decisiones que pueden ser:
• Recomendar Poda
• Control con algún producto
• Trampeo
• MIP, Fertilización, Drenaje, etc.
• En caso de alta incidencia debemos Informar , referenciar la zona y
emitir una alerta sanitaria para evitar la propagación de la plaga.
Algunas herramientas Disponibles
ENLACES
• No necesitas estar conectado a internet para su uso, solo la
descargas y úsala desde la parcela de cacao. Rikolto en
Latinoamérica - VECO y Cooperación Suiza América Central
• Link Google Play Store
• https://play.google.com/store/apps/details...
• Link de Apple Store:
• https://apps.apple.com/us/app/cacao-poda/id1576713561...
Monitoreo de plagas cacao

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Monitoreo de plagas cacao