1. Learning Differences
And
Learning Needs
3 Day Workshop

2. Schedule of Workshop:
1st Day: Learning and Personality
2nd Day: Childhood disorders and needs
of the specific child
3rd Day: Ergonomics
Health affect the learning
behaviour

3. DAY 1st

4. What is knowledge:
When anyone say any word and if the
image form in our mind that’s called
knowledge and if it is not so we don’t
have knowledge.

6. What is learning:
Repetition of any work that cause change in behaviour.
When experience causes a relatively permanent change in a
individual knowledge or behaviour.
We don’t know how to hold the pencil but due to the repetition
of work our behaviour change and we can hold and write.

7. Types of Learning:
Classical
conditioning
Operant
conditioning.

8. Classical Conditioning:
Learning by
association.
Association of two
events because of
repeated pairing.

9. Operant conditioning:
Learning by reinforcement .
Learning in which voluntary action in strengthened or weakened
by consequences and antecedent.
Learning by trial and error.

11. Reinforcement :
 Use of consequences to strengthen the behaviour.
behaviour
reinforce
strengthened behavior

12. Positive reinforcement:
Strengthening
behaviour by
presenting a
desired
stimulus after
behaviour.

13. Negative reinforcement:
Strengthening
behaviour by
removing an
aversive
stimulus when
the behaviour
occur.

14. Punishment:
 Process that weakens or suppresses behaviour.
behaviour
punishment
weakened or decreased behaviour

15. Memory:
 Learning refers to change in behaviour and that
change is called memory.
Encoding
Storage
Retrival

16. Short term memory
Component of
memory system
that holds
information that
hold information
for about 20 sec.

17. Long term memory
Permanent
storage of
memory.

18. Fear Phobias

19. Personality:
 Personality is the combination of behaviour, emotion,
motivation, and thought patterns that define an
individual.
 Personality refers to individual differences in
characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and
behaving.

20. Sigmund Freud.
 Freud developed the psychoanalytic theory of
personality development, which argued
that personality is formed through conflicts among
three fundamental structures of the human mind: the
id, ego, and superego

23. Erikson (8th psychosocial stage)
1st :Trust v/s mistrust
(Birth to 18 months)
Important
event=feeding
The infant must form
a first loving, trusting
relationship with
caregivers or develop
a sense of mistrust.

24. 2nd stage
2nd Autonomy v/s
shame/doubt (18
months to 3 years)
Toilet training
The child’s energies are
directed toward the
development of
physical skills walking,
grasping, sphincter
control.
The child learns control
but may develop
shame and doubt if not
handled well

25. 3rd stage
Initiative v/s guilt
(3 to 6 years)
Independence
The child continue to
become more assertive
and to take more initiative
but may be too forceful,
which can lead to guilty
feelings

26. 4th stage
Industry v/s
inferiority (6 to 12
years)
School
The child must
deal with demands
to learn new skills
or risk a sense of
inferiority, failure,
and incompetence.

27. 5th stage
Identity v/s role
confusion
( adolescence )
Peer
relationship
The teenager
must achieve
identity in
occupation,
gender, roles,
politics, and
religion.

28. 6th stage
Intimacy v/s
isolation (young
adulthood)
Love
relationship
The young adult
must develop
intimate
relationship or
suffer feelings
of isolation

29. 7th stage
Generativity v/s
stagnation (middle
adulthood)
Parenting/Mentoring
Each adult
must find some
way to satisfy
and support
the next
generation

30. 8th stage
Ego integrity v/s
despair (late
adulthood)
Reflection on and
acceptance of one’s
own life
The culmination is a
sense of acceptance
of oneself and a
sense of fulfillment

31. Things which can identified about ourself
Boring
Interest
Money
Time
and
space
Information
Admire