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1. Sanitary waste management in
India :an economical approach
Management of used baby diapers for agricultural
growth
VAIBHAVI ASHOK DANGE
Grammonati Mandal’s
Arts,Commerce & Science College
Narayangaon

2. Introduction
 In India more than 4.20 MT of wastes are generated annually, with the major fraction of
municipal solid waste that is compostable materials (40%–60%) and inerts (30%–50%).
 More than 52 million of diapers are sent to dispose every day.
 On daily basis, more than 11000 tons of diapers waste is thrown. Diapers can be
incinerated along other organic wastes, but their combustion could lead to production of
contaminants such as CO and chlorine compounds if not controlled properly.

3. Purpose Of Study
The purpose of this research is to do economical waste management of used baby diapers,
not only by generating an employment for the rag-pickers but also by increasing the soil
fertility which in turn will help to minimize the problem of water shortage.
In consequence, the objectives of this research are:
(i) To analyze the growth of same plant in the presence of diaper in soil also in absence,
(ii) To study moisture holding capacity of soil, in the presence of diaper in soil also in
absence of diaper,
(iii) To analyze the performance of used diaper in soils having different textures,
(iv) To study performance of soil containing used diaper and unused diaper.

4. Waste generation trend in India
Year
Per capita waste
generation (g/day)
Total urban municipal
waste generation (MT/
year)
1971 375
14.9
1981
430 25.1
1991
460 43.5
1997
490 48.5
2025 700 Double the amt. of 1997
.
Waste generation in India

5. Waste Generation and Disposal Status of Indian cities
Cities generate
less than 500
TPD of waste
Cities generate
waste between
500-1000 TPD
Cities generate
more than 1000
TPD of waste
Cities supply
more than 75%
of their waste
to dumpsites
100% of the
waste collected
to the dumpsite
Agartala,
Asansol,
Chandigarh,
Faridabad,
Guwahati,
Jamshedpur,
Kochi,
Kozhikode,
Mangalore
Mysore
Shimla
Indore,
Ludhiana and
Vadodara
Ahmedabad,
Delhi, Mumbai,
Jaipur, Kanpur,
Lucknow, Pune
and Surat
Ahmedabad,
Asansol,
Chandigarh,
Delhi,
Faridabad,
Mumbai, Jaipur,
Jamshedpur,
Kanpur,
Lucknow,
Ludhiana,
Mangalore,
Pune and
Vadodara
Mumbai and
Ludhiana

6. Sanitary Waste Generation
 Diapers are used even in low income and rural areas.
 It has been determined that a one baby can use up to 2190 diapers yearly.
 50% of the population still practice open defecation (which, by definition,
includes disposals with solid waste) and only 35% of the population uses
improved sanitation.
 The survey also reveals that there is lack of adequate number of sanitary
landfills in Indian cities.

7. E. Status of Sanitary Landfills (SLF)
Cities have sanitary
landfills
Cities do not have
sanitary landfills
Cities are in the
process of constructing
a SLF
Ahmedabad
Chandigarh
Jamshedpur
Mangalore
Surat
Vadodara
Mumbai
Delhi
Kanpur
Guwahati
Indore
Jaipur
Gujarat

8. Materials and Methods
Used Baby Diaper
• Used baby disposable diapers containing urine and feces,
from babies between 0 to 2 years old, were collected from
local public child care centers.

9. Super Absorbing Polymer (SAP)
• Superabsorbent polymers are soil conditioners.
• Such polymers are capable of absorbing large quantities of water and expanding to form gel
fragments that act as small reservoirs of moisture in the soil.
• The water can be extracted from the gel by suction pressure exerted by plant roots.
• Successful superabsorbent polymers increase the supply of plant-available water in coarse
soils and have good salt buffering properties such that they are able to maintain good water
absorption in the presence of salts and fertilizers in irrigation waters.

10. Soil
• The soil samples taken in this study are
(i) Dry soil,
(ii) Moist soil (soil containing high amount of water),
(iii) Rocky sand.
• Whereas the dry soil is collected from the marathwada region of Maharashtra, state of
India.
• Moist soil is collected from the western region of India.
Dry Soil Moist Soil rocky Sand

11. Experiments And Results
Experiment no 01: Growth
analysis of wheat plant
and the sorghum plant
Set 1.soil mixed with used
diaper
Set 2.soil without used
diaper
Experiment no 02:Assessment
of water holding
characteristics of the sand
Set 1.soil mixed with used
diaper
Set 2.soil without used diaper
Experiment no 03: analysis
of growth of plant by mixing
used diaper and unused
fresh diaper in soil. Set
1.soil mixed with used diaper
Set 2.soil with un-used
diaper

12. Experiment -01 :Growth Analysis Of Wheat Plant And The
Sorghum Plant
• The used baby diaper for each experiment
must be free from cover.
• Proportion : 1diaper for 500grams soil
with 100ml water.
• Trays dimensions 30*30cm.
• Tray divided into two parts one for wheat
and another for sorghum as shown in
figure.
• Same system made for three samples of soil
(a) dry soil (b) moist soil (c) rocky sand.
• Growth of plant in soil mixed with used
diapers is more than the soil which is
without diapers.
Soil mixed with diaper Soil without diaper

14. • A dry Soil sample of each texture (i.e. dry soil,
moist soil, rocky sand)
• Two sets of each sample, first set is soil mixed
with 1shredded diaper whereas second set is of
soil without diaper.
• 100 ml of water were added to both the sets of
trays.
• Initial weight was measured and after 24 hrs. final
weight measured.
• The water holding capacity of the soil is more in
the soil mixed with diaper as compare to the soil
without diaper.
Experiment-02:Assessment Of Water Holding Characteristics Of
The Sand

15. • The experiment was done to analyse the growth of
plant by mixing used diaper and unused fresh
diaper in soil.
• Experiment was done for 25 days in free
environment.
• The difference between the heights in both system
were shows the growth of plant.
• The growth analysis shows that there is no better
changes were occurred
Experiment-03: Analysis of growth of plant by mixing used diaper
and unused fresh diaper in soil.

16. Conclusion
The waste used diapers which were dumped on the landfills are very useful in
farming. There are some places like were the soil or mud does not have more water
holding capacity. If these diapers were brought in use of farming then it will increase the
water holding capacity of the soil without wasting the water. This technique can be useful
for the agriculture in less rainfall regions of Maharashtra like marathwada, vidarbha and
also for other regions of India.
From this research there will be reduction in sanitary wastes and it will increase the
land fertility and also the rag pickers get employed for these purposes.

17. Thank you !!