In this slideshow, we discuss the differences between infections and inflammation, signs and symptoms, types and treatment. Hopefully you find it useful. Leave a like if you learned new things.

1. Infections
Vs.
Inflammation
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2. • Inflammation is a response of vascularized
tissues to infections and tissue damage that
brings cells and molecules of host defense from
the circulation to the sites where they are
needed, to eliminate the offending agents.
• It may be defined as a harmful reactions but
medically it is considered to be a protective one.
• It mainly occurs to rid the host from the cause of
the cell injury and the consequences of it.
2

3. • Infections are caused when another organism
enter the body causing diseases.
• They are mainly caused by microorganisms;
bacteria, viruses ,fungi and protozoa.
• The body has a mechanism to eliminate these
organisms through the immune system, and this
response most of the time cause elevation in
body temperature.
3

4. • As we started our talk about inflammation, we will
continue to start with the signs of inflammations:
• Heat caused from the increased blood flow to
the site
• Fever caused by the chemical mediators of
inflammation, lead to increase temperature at
the site of inflammation
• Swelling caused by accumulation of fluid
outside the blood vessels
• Pain is caused from the distortion of tissues
caused by the swelling and some mediators
• Loss of function.
• Redness
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5. • In some cases the inflammatory reaction become
the cause of disease and the damage it produces
is its dominant feature.
• Inflammation can be triggered by
a. Infections.
b. Tissue Necrosis (Death).
c. Foreign Bodies.
d. Immune reactions (hypersensitivity or allergic
reactions).
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6. • As for the infections; there are many kinds of
them and we will discuss each briefly,
1) Bacterial infections
Bacteria come in different
shapes and sized, some
can survive extreme
temperatures and
radiation.
Our body has normal flora in the oral cavity and
our stomach that can fight bacteria that enters
the body by different routes.
The most common feature for this kind of
infections is the fever.
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H.Pylori causing
stomach ulcers

7. 2) Viral Infections
Viruses are the smallest infectious material
and they are known to be non-living organism,
they are composed of a piece of genetic
material that is surrounded by a protein shell.
They require a host cell in which their cell cycle
occurs.
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8. After the virus replicate inside the cell, the cell
explodes releasing new viruses that infect other
cells.
Most of the time viral infections do not require
treatment and can be eradicated by the body’s
immune response and we only assist
symptomatic treatment.
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9. 3) Fungal infections
They are diverse and include yeast and molds
Their sizes may differ from extremely large to
small that can not be detected with the naked
eye.
9Athlete's foot

10. 4) Parasitic Infections
Just like viruses, they live in or on the host
organism and get food and other nutrients
from the host.
There is three types of parasites that infect
humans:
a) Protozoa
b) Helminths
c) Ectoparasites
10
Protozoa

11. • General signs and symptoms for infectious
diseases
i. Fever or chills.
ii. Body aches and pains.
iii. Feeling tired or fatigued.
iv. Coughing or sneezing.
v. Digestive upset, such as nausea, vomiting,
or diarrhea.
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12. • Acute Inflammation, as the name indicates it
occurs for short period of time but can be severe.
12
Psoriasis, a kind of
skin infections

13. • This kind of response will cause three major
changes
a. Vascular changes  Dilation of small vessels
which increases blood flow (proteins and white
blood cells1).
b. Cellular changes  Accumulation of certain
type of white blood cells that is responsible for
ingest foreign bodies.
c. Emerging of chemical mediators  These
chemicals are released from blood plasma and
white blood cells, the most common mediator
is called Histamine2 which triggers vasodilation
and the activation of immune system.
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1: Immunity cells
2: Increased stimulation lead to allergic reactions

14. • After these event happen, the immune system
should destroy and eliminate the cause of
inflammation and start healing and repairing
processes.
• Repair of damaged tissues occurs by two types of
reactions: regeneration by proliferation of
uninjured cells and maturation of tissue stem
cells, and the deposition of connective tissue to
form a scar.
14

15. • Some tissues are able to replace the damaged
components and essentially return to a normal
state; this process is called regeneration.
• If the injured tissues are incapable of complete
restitution, or if the supporting structures of the
tissue are severely damaged, repair occurs by the
laying down of connective (fibrous) tissue, a
process that may result in formation of a scar.
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16. • If the chemical that caused the reaction is hard to
eliminate, the body produces pus in a process
known as suppuration.
• Pus is a liquid medium made of neutrophils1,
debris of dead cells and edema fluid.
• Abscesses are localized collection of pus, when
the pus is formed within an organ or tissue
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1: The main white blood cell that mediate
inflammatory responses
Pus Abscess

17. • if the agent causing an inflammation cannot be
eliminated, or if there is some interference with
the healing process, an acute inflammatory
response may progress to the chronic stage.
• The physical extent, duration, and effects of
chronic inflammation vary with the cause of the
injury.
17

18. • In some cases, the chronic inflammation does not
happen as a sequel to the acute response, there
is some human diseases characterized by this
type of inflammatory response. Such as;
rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis and chronic
lung diseases.
• In autoimmune reactions the stimulus to chronic
inflammation is a normal component of the body
which the immune system recognize as a foreign.
18Tuberculosis Rhematoid Arthritis

19. • Most inflammatory condition are prescribed
NSAIDs1.
• If the inflammation was an allergic reactions we
give anti-histamines2.
• As for infectious diseases we have a lot of
antibiotics, antivirals, antifungal agents that can
be used along side with antipyretics3.
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1: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as Ibuprofin (Advil®)
2:Some of these agents may cause sedation, Antihistamine examples Aerius® ,Layal® and
Zyretic®.
3:The most common drug used for fever is paracetamol examples Panadol® and Tylenol®

20. • Robbins Basic Pathology Book 10th edition
• https://www.healthline.com/health/inflammatio
n
• https://www.healthline.com/health/infections#O
verview
• https://www.britannica.com/science/inflammati
on
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