A presentation on the value and the risks of identifying, mining, and visualizing data. All this is described in a big-data-aware setting. The presentation is meant for a wide audience, not requiring deep technical background. The original presentation was done within the KAS Seminar on Data Journalism in Dec 2017.

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Data rules, while data rule
George Giannakopoulos 1,2
(ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr)
1SKEL Lab, NCSR “Demokritos”, Greece
2SciFY PNPC, Greece
2016
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Why are we here?
Learn the basics of data
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Why are we here?
Learn the basics of data
Understand value and risks of using data
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Why are we here?
Learn the basics of data
Understand value and risks of using data
Avoid pitfalls when reporting data-based
findings
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Why are we here?
Learn the basics of data
Understand value and risks of using data
Avoid pitfalls when reporting data-based
findings
Identify the role of the journalist with respect
to data
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Why can I help?
Not a journalist
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Why can I help?
Not a journalist
Not a visualization expert
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Why can I help?
Not a journalist
Not a visualization expert
Data mining over 10 years
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Why can I help?
Not a journalist
Not a visualization expert
Data mining over 10 years
Communicating findings over 10 years
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Why can I help?
Not a journalist
Not a visualization expert
Data mining over 10 years
Communicating findings over 10 years
Reviewing over 10 years
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Enough about me
A little more about
you?
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Data and friends
Data measured or calculated value of
property
See also: Βλαχάβας et al. 2002, Chapter 3, Boisot and Canals 2004, Tuomi 1999
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Data and friends
Data measured or calculated value of
property
Information data extended with interpretation
See also: Βλαχάβας et al. 2002, Chapter 3, Boisot and Canals 2004, Tuomi 1999
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Data and friends
Data measured or calculated value of
property
Information data extended with interpretation
Knowledge contextualized, interpreted, validated
data, supporting action (e.g. prediction)
See also: Βλαχάβας et al. 2002, Chapter 3, Boisot and Canals 2004, Tuomi 1999
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Kinds of data (based on structure)
Unstructured free text, blog entries
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Kinds of data (based on structure)
Unstructured free text, blog entries
Fully structured databases, data tables, spreadsheets
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Kinds of data (based on structure)
Unstructured free text, blog entries
Fully structured databases, data tables, spreadsheets
Semi-structured eXtensible Markup Language (XML), Resource
Description Framework (RDF)
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Where can we find data?
Finance index values, yearly reports
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Where can we find data?
Finance index values, yearly reports
Health health record, lab measurements
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Where can we find data?
Finance index values, yearly reports
Health health record, lab measurements
More? What do you think?
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Do we generate data?
Social media posts, comments
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Do we generate data?
Social media posts, comments
Mobile device use position, usage of applications
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Do we generate data?
Social media posts, comments
Mobile device use position, usage of applications
More?
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Who uses data?
State policy making, international relations,
public image
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Who uses data?
State policy making, international relations,
public image
Businesses marketing, due diligence, risk
assessment, business policy
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Who uses data?
State policy making, international relations,
public image
Businesses marketing, due diligence, risk
assessment, business policy
Researchers build hypotheses, confirm findings,
discover relations
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Who uses data?
State policy making, international relations,
public image
Businesses marketing, due diligence, risk
assessment, business policy
Researchers build hypotheses, confirm findings,
discover relations
Citizens understand everyday changes,
understand choices, plan ahead
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Why are data useful?
Problem indicators (e.g. deviations)
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Why are data useful?
Problem indicators (e.g. deviations)
Common basis for discussion
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Why are data useful?
Problem indicators (e.g. deviations)
Common basis for discussion
Measurable
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Why are data useful?
Problem indicators (e.g. deviations)
Common basis for discussion
Measurable
Considered unbiased
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Why are data useful?
Problem indicators (e.g. deviations)
Common basis for discussion
Measurable
Considered unbiased
Considered verifiable
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Why are data useful?
Problem indicators (e.g. deviations)
Common basis for discussion
Measurable
Considered unbiased
Considered verifiable
Oftentimes interlinkable
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Let us summarize
Data can be the basis for knowledge
Data have various levels of structure
All generate and consume data
Data can have value
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

35. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Data flavours
Big data Large scale, volatile, challenging to follow
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

36. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Data flavours
Big data Large scale, volatile, challenging to follow
Linked data Inherent interconnectivity
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

37. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Data flavours
Big data Large scale, volatile, challenging to follow
Linked data Inherent interconnectivity
Open data Available in a meaningful manner
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

38. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
What is Big Data?
Data in a new scale...and more...
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

39. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Examples of Big Data
Social media posts per day: Gbytes per day on Twitter (50 million
tweets / day)
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Examples of Big Data
Social media posts per day: Gbytes per day on Twitter (50 million
tweets / day)
Wind turbine sensors: Tbytes per day per turbine (KHz sampling
of values)
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Examples of Big Data
Social media posts per day: Gbytes per day on Twitter (50 million
tweets / day)
Wind turbine sensors: Tbytes per day per turbine (KHz sampling
of values)
Bioinformatics data: Tbytes per day per machine (up to 3 billion
reads per run)
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

42. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Examples of Big Data
Social media posts per day: Gbytes per day on Twitter (50 million
tweets / day)
Wind turbine sensors: Tbytes per day per turbine (KHz sampling
of values)
Bioinformatics data: Tbytes per day per machine (up to 3 billion
reads per run)
Overall: 2.5 exabytes of data generated per day (and going up)
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

43. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Features of Big Data
Volume size
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

44. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Features of Big Data
Volume size
Velocity speed of change
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

45. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Features of Big Data
Volume size
Velocity speed of change
Variety variety and difficulty to read and combine
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

46. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Features of Big Data
Volume size
Velocity speed of change
Variety variety and difficulty to read and combine
Veracity uncertainty and difficulty of validation
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

47. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Features of Big Data
Volume size
Velocity speed of change
Variety variety and difficulty to read and combine
Veracity uncertainty and difficulty of validation
Value difficulty to turn into actionable knowledge
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

48. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
What is Linked Data?
Small statements
<George, loves, Georgia>
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

49. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
What is Linked Data?
Small statements
Fragments of knowledge
<Georgia,listensTo,folkRock>
<Dylan,plays,folkRock>
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

50. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
What is Linked Data?
Small statements
Fragments of knowledge
Powerful when combined
Suggest to George a Dylan CD as
a gift for Georgia
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

51. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Examples of Linked Data
Web annotations hidden in web pages, blogs, social media (e.g.
Facebook Graph)
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

52. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Examples of Linked Data
Web annotations hidden in web pages, blogs, social media (e.g.
Facebook Graph)
DBPedia linked-data view of Wikipedia
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Examples of Linked Data
Web annotations hidden in web pages, blogs, social media (e.g.
Facebook Graph)
DBPedia linked-data view of Wikipedia
Nano-publications scientific results and data as statements
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Features of Linked Data
Usually automatically generated
Computer-friendly
No meaning
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

55. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
What is Open Data?
Openly available data
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

56. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
What is Open Data?
Openly available data
...usable
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

57. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
What is Open Data?
Openly available data
...usable
...reusable under well-specified licences
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

58. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
What is Open Data?
Openly available data
...usable
...reusable under well-specified licences
Usually public data
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

59. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Examples of Open Data
Country-wide statistics and demographics
Geo-locations of monuments
Public consultation results
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

60. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Let us summarize
Big data: many, volatile, difficult to handle
Linked data: fragments of knowledge, computer
friendly
Open data: publicly available, reusable
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

61. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Your Data Stories
Easily consume data
Combine and integrate data
Empower with social media
feedback
yourdatastories.eu
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

62. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
DemocracIT
Build on consultations
Quantify problems and biases
Crowdsourcing
democracit.org
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

63. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
Other projects
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

64. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
More to come?
Support editing in real-time
Find related data
Suggest visualization
Stay tuned.
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

65. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Motivation
What is data?
From data to big, linked, open data
A potential future: Nice projects and future tools
An informal break
Teaser: Privacy, Security, Anonymity and Data
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

66. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
The value of data
Opportunities and risks in using data
Data analysis and visualization: mistakes and pitfalls
What data can do
Data contain stories
Data support stories
Data verify stories
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

67. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
The value of data
Opportunities and risks in using data
Data analysis and visualization: mistakes and pitfalls
Case 1: Money trails
Find Mr Smith payments (public money) from Diavgeia
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

68. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
The value of data
Opportunities and risks in using data
Data analysis and visualization: mistakes and pitfalls
Case 1: Money trails
Find Mr Smith payments (public money) from Diavgeia
Claim that researchers get too much money!
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

69. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
The value of data
Opportunities and risks in using data
Data analysis and visualization: mistakes and pitfalls
Case 1: Risks
Source idiosyncracies: Diavgeia problems
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

70. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
The value of data
Opportunities and risks in using data
Data analysis and visualization: mistakes and pitfalls
Case 1: Risks
Source idiosyncracies: Diavgeia problems
Limited (?) documentation
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

71. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
The value of data
Opportunities and risks in using data
Data analysis and visualization: mistakes and pitfalls
Case 1: Risks
Source idiosyncracies: Diavgeia problems
Limited (?) documentation
Lack of cross-check method
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

72. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
The value of data
Opportunities and risks in using data
Data analysis and visualization: mistakes and pitfalls
Case 2: Leaked documents
Thousands of leaked documents from a government
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

73. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
The value of data
Opportunities and risks in using data
Data analysis and visualization: mistakes and pitfalls
Case 2: Leaked documents
Thousands of leaked documents from a government
Apply sentiment analysis to understand sentiment
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

74. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
The value of data
Opportunities and risks in using data
Data analysis and visualization: mistakes and pitfalls
Case 2: Leaked documents
Thousands of leaked documents from a government
Apply sentiment analysis to understand sentiment
Show that all is gloomy!
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

75. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
The value of data
Opportunities and risks in using data
Data analysis and visualization: mistakes and pitfalls
Case 2: Risks
Tool idiosyncracies: sentiment analysis approx. 75% accurate
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

76. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
The value of data
Opportunities and risks in using data
Data analysis and visualization: mistakes and pitfalls
Case 2: Risks
Tool idiosyncracies: sentiment analysis approx. 75% accurate
Lack of cross-check method
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

77. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
The value of data
Opportunities and risks in using data
Data analysis and visualization: mistakes and pitfalls
Data analysis
know what you look for
understand what you read
use your intuition (but not too much!)
double check (through a different path!)
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

78. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
The value of data
Opportunities and risks in using data
Data analysis and visualization: mistakes and pitfalls
Visualization: keep it simple
keep it simple
keep it focused
verify
document and support (through references)
tell a story
think of your audience
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

79. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Why you shouldn’t trust scientists (too much)
Hiding Bias
Reporting research
Lines and hypotheses
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

80. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Why you shouldn’t trust scientists (too much)
Hiding Bias
Reporting research
Self-fulfilled prophecy
A leader claims that the market will go down in a day
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

81. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Why you shouldn’t trust scientists (too much)
Hiding Bias
Reporting research
Self-fulfilled prophecy
A leader claims that the market will go down in a day
The market will go down
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

82. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Why you shouldn’t trust scientists (too much)
Hiding Bias
Reporting research
Correlation vs causality
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

83. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Why you shouldn’t trust scientists (too much)
Hiding Bias
Reporting research
Beware of the index
An index of poverty
...based on the percentage of people that take less than 5% of the
maximum income
Is it a good idea?
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

84. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Why you shouldn’t trust scientists (too much)
Hiding Bias
Reporting research
Axes: Normalization
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

85. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Why you shouldn’t trust scientists (too much)
Hiding Bias
Reporting research
Axes: Units and scales
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

86. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Why you shouldn’t trust scientists (too much)
Hiding Bias
Reporting research
Axes: Units and scales
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

87. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Why you shouldn’t trust scientists (too much)
Hiding Bias
Reporting research
Ratios not kept
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

88. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Why you shouldn’t trust scientists (too much)
Hiding Bias
Reporting research
Other cases:
Ordering: Greek elections
Lying with percentages: increase from 10% to 12%; 20%
increase?
Question bias: important answers omitted
Question bias: generic question
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

89. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Why you shouldn’t trust scientists (too much)
Hiding Bias
Reporting research
Pragmatics
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

90. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Why you shouldn’t trust scientists (too much)
Hiding Bias
Reporting research
What we should look for
Experimental setting
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

91. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Why you shouldn’t trust scientists (too much)
Hiding Bias
Reporting research
What we should look for
Experimental setting
Confidence vs statistical confidence
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

92. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Why you shouldn’t trust scientists (too much)
Hiding Bias
Reporting research
What we should look for
Experimental setting
Confidence vs statistical confidence
Exact conclusion
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

93. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Why you shouldn’t trust scientists (too much)
Hiding Bias
Reporting research
What we should look for
Experimental setting
Confidence vs statistical confidence
Exact conclusion
Funding sources
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

94. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Why you shouldn’t trust scientists (too much)
Hiding Bias
Reporting research
What we should look for
Experimental setting
Confidence vs statistical confidence
Exact conclusion
Funding sources
Confirmation by experts
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

95. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
Why you shouldn’t trust scientists (too much)
Hiding Bias
Reporting research
Another informal break
Teaser: Changing our lives through reporting
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

96. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
How can I apply data analysis (if I am not an expert)?
Summary: things to remember
Locate sources
https://www.diavgeia.gov.gr/
http://data.gov.gr/
http://geodata.gov.gr/
http://open-data.okfn.gr/
https://delicious.com/
http://www.linkedopendata.gr/
https://data.europa.eu/euodp/
https://www.constituteproject.org/
http://www.findthedata.com/
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

97. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
How can I apply data analysis (if I am not an expert)?
Summary: things to remember
Next steps
Study more
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

98. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
How can I apply data analysis (if I am not an expert)?
Summary: things to remember
Next steps
Study more
Form a network
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

99. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
How can I apply data analysis (if I am not an expert)?
Summary: things to remember
Next steps
Study more
Form a network
Collaborate
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

100. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
How can I apply data analysis (if I am not an expert)?
Summary: things to remember
Next steps
Study more
Form a network
Collaborate
Focus
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

101. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
How can I apply data analysis (if I am not an expert)?
Summary: things to remember
Who should I work with?
Visualization experts
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

102. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
How can I apply data analysis (if I am not an expert)?
Summary: things to remember
Who should I work with?
Visualization experts
Data mining experts
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

103. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
How can I apply data analysis (if I am not an expert)?
Summary: things to remember
Who should I work with?
Visualization experts
Data mining experts
Domain experts
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

104. .
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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
How can I apply data analysis (if I am not an expert)?
Summary: things to remember
Who should I work with?
Visualization experts
Data mining experts
Domain experts
Developers... with a twist
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
How can I apply data analysis (if I am not an expert)?
Summary: things to remember
Data rules, while data rule
Data is useful, but can be misinterpreted
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
How can I apply data analysis (if I am not an expert)?
Summary: things to remember
Data rules, while data rule
Data is useful, but can be misinterpreted
Data contain, support, confirm stories
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
How can I apply data analysis (if I am not an expert)?
Summary: things to remember
Data rules, while data rule
Data is useful, but can be misinterpreted
Data contain, support, confirm stories
...but they cannot tell the story
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
How can I apply data analysis (if I am not an expert)?
Summary: things to remember
Data rules, while data rule
Data is useful, but can be misinterpreted
Data contain, support, confirm stories
...but they cannot tell the story
Analysis of data needs experts
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
How can I apply data analysis (if I am not an expert)?
Summary: things to remember
Data rules, while data rule
Data is useful, but can be misinterpreted
Data contain, support, confirm stories
...but they cannot tell the story
Analysis of data needs experts
Visualization of data needs experts
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
How can I apply data analysis (if I am not an expert)?
Summary: things to remember
Data rules, while data rule
Data is useful, but can be misinterpreted
Data contain, support, confirm stories
...but they cannot tell the story
Analysis of data needs experts
Visualization of data needs experts
Journalism needs experts
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
How can I apply data analysis (if I am not an expert)?
Summary: things to remember
Data rules, while data rule
Data is useful, but can be misinterpreted
Data contain, support, confirm stories
...but they cannot tell the story
Analysis of data needs experts
Visualization of data needs experts
Journalism needs experts
Working with data needs a team
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
How can I apply data analysis (if I am not an expert)?
Summary: things to remember
Thank you
Data rules, while data rule
George Giannakopoulos 1,2
(ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr)
1SKEL Lab, NCSR “Demokritos”, Greece
2SciFY PNPC, Greece
2016
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule

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Introduction
Data: a new era of journalism (?)
Lying with data
Summary and conclusion
References
References I
Boisot, Max and Agustí Canals (2004). “Data, information and
knowledge: have we got it right?” In: Journal of Evolutionary
Economics 14.1, pp. 43–67. : 0936-9937, 1432-1386. :
10.1007/s00191-003-0181-9 (cit. on pp. 12–14).
Tuomi, I. (1999). “Data is more than knowledge: implications of the
reversed knowledge hierarchy for knowledge management and
organizational memory”. In: IEEE Comput. Soc, p. 12. :
978-0-7695-0001-0. : 10.1109/HICSS.1999.772795. :
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.
htm?arnumber=772795 (cit. on pp. 12–14).
Βλαχάβας, Ι. et al. (2002). Τεχνητή Νοημοσύνη. Εκδόσεις
Γαρταγάνη, Θεσσαλονίκη (cit. on pp. 12–14).
George Giannakopoulos (ggianna@iit.demokritos.gr) Data rules, while data rule