Learn, prepare,achieve

1. ITC e-Chou pal
e-Chou pal is a Hindi word which means “village meeting place”. Market is meeting place
where sellers/ customers come together to do the transactions. The e-Chou pal is a virtual
market place where farmers can do the transaction,facilitated by an internet linked
computer, directly with a purchaser and can realize better price for their produce.
The e-Chou pal also providers daily need items manufactured by ITC, It is Launched in
June 2000, “e-Chou pal” has already become the largest private sector initiativeamong all
Internet-based interventions in rural India. e-Chou pal services today reach out to more
than 40 lakh farmers growing a range of crops-soyabean, Coffee, wheat, rice pulses,
shrimp- in over 40,000 villages through 6450 kiosks across 8 states [M.P., Karnataka,
A.P., Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand andTamil Nadu]
e-Chou pal is an ICT platform that facilitates flow of information and knowledge,and
supports market transactions on line: It transmits Information (weather, prices, news), *It
transfers Knowledge (farm management, risk management). *It facilitates sales of Farm
Inputs (screened for quality). *It offers the choice of an alternative Output-marketing
channel (convenience, lower transaction costs) to the farmer right at his doorstep.
Salient features of e-Chou pal : The e-Chou pal model has been specially designed to
tackle the challenges posedby the unique features of Indian agriculture, characterized by
fragmented farms, weak infrastructure and the involvement of numerous intermediaries
among others. The e-Chou pal also unshackles the potential of Indian Farmers who has been
trapped in a vicious cycle of low risk-taking ability. ITC has now established computers and
Internet access in rural areas across several agricultural important regions of the country,
where the farmers can directly negotiate the sale of their produce with ITC. A personal
Computer [PC]with Internet access at these centers enable the farmers to obtain information
on mandi process, good farming practices and place orders for agricultural inputs like seeds
and fertilizers. This helps farmers in improving the quality of produceand also helps in
realizing better price .
Management and Execution of the Business model: Village internet kiosks managed by
farmers-called sanchalaks (operators) themselves, enable the agricultural community access
ready information in their local language on the weather and market prices, disseminate
knowledge on scientific farm practices and risk management, facilitate the sale of farm inputs
(now with embedded knowledge) and purchase farm produce from the farmers' doorsteps
(decision making is now information-based). Real-time information and customized
knowledge provided by 'e Chou pal' enhance the ability of farmersto take decisions and align
their farm output with market demand and secure quality and productivity .
Characteristics: * customer centric.*capable of being used for many commodities and
multiple transactions.*easily scalable once it is verified.*uses local talent and local people and
develops local leaders. *can be extended to local as well as global procurers *stimulates local
entrepreneurs to extend their innovativeness. *uses all the existing institutions and legal
frameworks. *many others can join the market as transaction time is low.
Critical success factors: * Comprehensive knowledge of rural markets* Designing a Win-
Win transaction model * Leveraging the logistics channels * Selection of Sanchalak *
Evolving an appropriate user interface.* Bottom-up model for entrepreneurship .

2. Q/Which is the first expert systems developed in agriculture? How expert
system helps in crop production, discuss?
The expert system applied to the problems of diagnosing Soybean diseases
(Michalski et al., 1983) is one of the earliest expert systems developed in
agriculture. A unique feature of the system is that it uses two types of decision
rules: 1) the rules representing experts diagnostic knowledge, and 2) the rules
obtained through inductive learning from several hundred cases of disease.
Experimental testing of the system has indicated a high level of correctness of
the system’s advice ( in an experiment involving a few hundred cases ,
approximately 98% of the diagnosis were correct.
➢ How useful in crop production?
➢ The complexity of problems faced by the farmers are yield loses, soil
erosion, selection of crop, increasing chemical pesticides cost, pest
resistance, diminishing market prices from international competition and
economic barriers hindering adoption of farming strategies.
➢ Expert System are computer program that are different from conventional
computer programs as they solve problems by mimicking human
reasoning process, relying on logic, belief, rules of thumb opinion and
experience.
➢ In agriculture, Expert System are capable of integrating the perspectives
of individual disciplines such as pathology, entomology, horticulture and
agricultural meteorology into a framework that best address the type of ad
hoc decision making required of modern farmers.
➢ Expert system can be one of the most useful tools for accomplishing the
task of providing growers with day to day integrated decision support
needed to grow their crops.
➢ Nutrient management is the major and most important practice that is to
be carried out in correct time with suitable methods.
➢ Deficiency detection is the very crucial part in managing nutrients for
proper crop production. Crop doctor which is a component of Expert
system helps the user to decide the
➢ casual agent or reason behind the occurred symptom.
➢ Video documentation of each and every method will guide the farmers to
use the control measures in proper way and it will give exposures like
hands-on trainings.
➢ It provides flexibility in management methods and gives autonomy state
in the process of planning and execution of control measure

3. Q/ Discuss the remarkable development of ICT in the field of Agriculture in last 2
decades?
The use of the Global Positioning System provides benefits in geo-fencing, mapmaking and
surveying. Highly accurate digitalized map and land markings were possible through GPS
which was a boon for Agri.
GIS are extensively used in agriculture, especially in precision farming. It is used in decision
making such as what to plant and where to plant using historical data and sampling.
Automated systems: Automatic milking systems are computer controlled systems that milk
the dairy cattle without human labor. The use of Agri robots is applied with specific task such
as weed control, harvesting etc. Drones being used to fertilize Crops and monitor crop growth
stage and also used for identifying insects’ pests.
Mobile Apps: the use of mobile phone is enhancing the multi-dimensional positive impact
on the rural agriculture livelihood. Several apps are available which gives various
information for weather, price etc for different disciplines.
ECommerce: Online purchasing order of Agri-inputs and Agri- equipment’s is a subset of
Ecommerce.
Q/ How digitalization helped farmers in doubling farmer income discuss?
Development of Kisan Suvidha mobile application to facilitate dissemination of information
to farmers on the critical parameters viz., Weather; Plant Protection; input Dealers (Seed,
Pesticide, Fertilizer) Farm Machinery; Soil Health Card; Cold Storages & Godowns,
Veterinary Centers and Diagnostic Labs. Farmers are better informed about markets to sell
produce, prevailing market prices and quantity demanded in the market. mobile apps
developed in the areas of crops, horticulture, veterinary, dairy, poultry, fisheries, natural
resources management and integrated subjects, offer valuable information to the farmers,
including package of practices, market prices of various commodities etc. Development of
mKisan Portal for sending advisories on various crop related matter to the registered farmers
through SMSs. Launching of e-National Agriculture Market initiative to provide farmers an
electronic online trading platform. Implementation of Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure,
sub-scheme of Integrated Scheme of Agricultural Marketing, in order to improve/create
scientific storage capacity for storing farm produce, processed farm produce and to reduce
post-harvest storage loss. Introduction of Soil Health Card Scheme to assist State
Governments in providing Soil Health Cards to all farmers across the country provides
information to the farmers on nutrient status of their soil for improving crop productivity and
soil fertility. Use of space technology for various programmer/ areas such as Forecasting
Agricultural Output using Space, Agro-meteorology and Land-based Observations project,
using geo-informatics project, National Agricultural Drought Assessment and Monitoring
System.

4. Q/Smart farming, how this technique is benefited in agriculture sector?
SMART FARMING: Smart farming can be referred to as the 4.0 green revolution in the
field of agriculture combining agriculture methodologies with technology – Sensors &
Actuators, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Internet of Things (IoT),
Robotics and Drones to achieve desired efficiencies of production with managed cost.
Benefits: Solar powered and mobile operated pumps save cost of electricity. Smart
agriculture use drones and robots which helps harvesting weeding etc. This improves data
collection process and helps in wireless monitoring and control. Sensors help in mapping
fields to understand their micro-scale in order to conserve resources such as water, fertilizer
applications, weed treatments etc. IT enabled development of mobile apps which gave
information for different disciplines like field crops, Horticulture crops, animal husbandry,
fertilizer pesticide application, market price, weather report which were assisted by ICAR.
ADVANTAGE:
increase the amount of real time data on the crop controlling water and other natural
resources. Improving livestock management. Accurate evaluation of soil and crops.
Improving Agricultural production. Encourages ecofriendly farming. Technical assistance to
farmers. Developing farmers skill and exposure to different areas. Online training and
courses.
Q/Discuss the application of smart farming in Indian agriculture?
Soil moisture: monitoring (including conductivity and pH). irrigation control:
Activate irrigation valves when the soil moisture drops below a certain level. Soil
health: provides soil composition, temperature, acidity, ph., . There are a range
of emerging sensors that can monitor NPK levels in soil. Solar radiation:
Monitor levels of solar radiation to use in digital models that predict plant growth,
health and risk of disease. Weather stations: The ability to monitor wind, rain,
temperature and humidity are important factors in both arable and livestock
farming. Livestock tracking: GPS-enabled asset tracking can be attached to a
collar, allowing the farmer to determine the location of their livestock.
Autonomous farm vehicles: reduce the human labor associated with driving and
operating vehicles. Agricultural drones: allow farmers to survey their fields
with ease; using imaging technology to recognize disease, pests or other issues
relating to growth. Improved product quality: Helps to improve product quality
by using crop sensors, farm mapping etc. to produce best quality and nutritional
food. Mobile apps: the sensor’s gathered data were supplied or connected to the
farmers phone through SMS or thru the mobile apps present there. Provides crop
growth stages at different time. Canopy environment: provides detail like the
canopy temperature and also the relative humidity around. Provides advice on
which crop to be sown, NPK content and comparing with standard data
base.

5. Q/ How the Information technology helps a farmer in seed development
and Soil development? Discuss?
In recent years new technologies have been driving innovations in the agricultural industry by
creating pathways for analyzing data in ways not used earlier. Some of the technologies that
are used in seed development and soil development are as follow:
• In order to promote sustainable nano agriculture, biocompatible silver nanoparticles
(AgNPs) have been synthesized through green route using kaffir lime leaf extract for
use as nano priming agent for enhancing seed germination of rice aged seeds.
• Cold plasma technology can be applied during different stages of agricultural food
production, including treatment of seeds for the promotion of germination rates and
plant growth, which can increase crop yield and shorten harvest time.
• Different AI techniques are also used like, multispectral imaging, LEDs (light-
emitting diodes) emit light in the visible portion of the spectrum as well as non-visible
light (UV and near-infrared),To analyses seed quality.
• Different Computer-assisted image analysis system is also applied to the study:
Seed image processing: Elaboration of digital images. Algorithms for size, shape and
color space primary density measurements
Data production: Quantitative parameters of seed swelling, germination and seedling
growth 2- and 3-D seed Image catalogs >Seed image sequence animations >2- and 3-0
plotting and modelling.
For soil development:
Soil and crop sensors: Sensor technology is available to measure the electrical
conductivity of soil, ground floor, organic matter content, and even soil characteristics such
as ph. For example, Varies Technologies, Bionics, and Duel all produce different types of soil
sensors.

6. Q/ eSagu- is a tool for IT-based personalized agricultural extension system. (“Sagu” means
cultivation in Telugu language.). E sagu means electronic cultivation. It aims to improve farm
productivity by delivering high quality personalized agro-expert advice, timely at the farmer’s
door-steps. The advice is provided once a week from sowing to harvesting which reduces the
cost of cultivation & increases the farm productivity as well as quality of agri-commodities. In
eSagu, the developments in IT such as (database, Internet, and digital photography) are
extended to improve the performance of agricultural extension services. BENEFITS-Quality
personalized agro-advice.Query-less system Advice is comprehensive, complete and regular in
terms of diagnosis, analysis, advice delivery, follow-up and feedback.Cost-effective
system.Enables farmers to cultivate like an agricultural expert.Strong database to support
decision making, documents success stories and new problems. Reduces the lag period between
research efforts to practice. Quick deployment of services during the time of crisis, to
capacitates rural livelihoods & generates rural employment. IMPACT-Extension services
useful to small and marginal farmers who generally have no formal education. The respondents
(farmers who were registered with e-Sagu) were satisfied with the information delivered by the
agricultural experts. Before the project farmers unaware of the ICT & untouched from the
professional advices.Now timely & scientific advice.By integrating e-Sagu with the
conventional agricultural extension, the benefits of ICT applications in it may be expanded to
the entire state & to all the crops. The traditional stereotypes based on caste and landholdings
often influence functioning of the coordinator. In e-Sagu, rather than examining the crop in
person, the agricultural scientist delivers expert advice by getting the crop status in the form of
digital photographs other & information.
Q/ AKASHGANGA-Shree Kamdhenu Electronics pvt ltd was estd in 1996 in Gujarat,to
develop technology products & systems for dairy industry. Akashganga works in 11 states of
India & also exports to diff countries. FEATURES Akashganga is totally automatic computer
based milk collection systems, specifically made to meet the needs of village cooperatives &
its members. It is committed to spread information technology among rural masses.They
identify milk cooperative societies where member visit the society to sell milk. It
revolutionized the Indian dairy industry by replacing the traditional methods by fully
automating milk collection process.It designs & develops customize and user-friendly simple
tools for dairy industry which can be beneficial to farming community at large. Its software
development based low cost automatic milk collection systems.They provided experienced
dedicated application development teams, combining business work closely with clients to
develop comprehensive solutions. It provides GPRS based data transfer from collection point
to chilling plants.They provide nano & solar operated milk collection systems.Milk collections
process becomes simple, fast, accurate & reliable.They develop many product like Akashganga
milk purity meter ,ultra sonic cleaner, DPU, milk analyzer are able to process greater qualities
of higher quality milk. IMPACT By offering free trials and delayed payment schemes to the
dairy farmers, the SKEPL earned the trust of many rural people.As the Akashganga system
was faster, accurate and transparent in every aspect, in just a few short years of operation, the
brand has become quite popular in the Indian Diary Industry.SKEPL used local people for
marketing, sales, services which helps the rural people to get employment.AKASHGANGA’s
success demonstrates the potential of information technology to impact livelihoods in poor,
rural communities.it says that even illiterate or semi-literate people can adopt their technology.
SKEPL’s experience also indicates that providing direct benefits and expanded opportunities
to poor communities in developing countries can be profitable.AKASHGANGA, is trying its
future to improving the productivity of its customers, will succeed to the extent that it can help
transform the fortunes of rural dairy farmers.

7. Q/ What are the different challenges faced by Indian agriculture?
1. Inequality in Land Distribution: The distribution of agricultural land in India has not
been fairly distributed. Rather there is a considerable degree of concentration of land holding
among the rich landlords, farmers and money lenders throughout the country. 2. Sub-division
and Fragmentation of holdings: In India, the average size of holding is expected to decline
from 1.5 hectares in 1990-91 to 1.3 hectares in 2000-01. Thus, the size of agricultural holding
is quite uneconomic, small and fragmented. 3. Instability and Fluctuations: Indian
agriculture is continuously subjected to instability arising out of fluctuations in weather and
gamble of monsoon. As a result, the production of food-grains and other crops fluctuates
widely leading to continuous fluctuation of prices of agricultural crops. 4. Conditions of
Agricultural Labourers: The conditions of most agricultural labourers in India are far from
satisfactory. They remain unorganized, thus economic exploitation of these workers
continues. The level of income, the standard of living and the rate of wages remained
abnormally low. 5. Poor Farming Techniques and Agricultural Practices: The farmers in
India have been adopting orthodox and inefficient method and technique of cultivation. It is
only in recent years that the Indian farmers have started to adopt improved implements like
steel ploughs, seed drills, barrows, hoes etc. 6. Inadequate Use of Inputs: Indian agriculture
is suffering from inadequate use of inputs like fertilizers and HYV seeds. Indian farmers are
not applying sufficient quantity of fertilizers on their lands and even the application of farm
yard dung manure is also inadequate. Indian farmers are still applying seeds of indifferent
quality. 7. Inadequate Irrigation Facilities: Indian agriculture is still suffering from lack of
assumed and controlled water supply through artificial irrigation facilities. Thus, the Indian
farmers have to depend much upon rainfall which is neither regular nor even. Whatever
irrigation potential that has been developed in our country; a very limited number of our
farmers can avail the facilities. 8. Absence of Crop Rotation: Proper rotation of crops is
very much essential for successful agricultural operations as it helps to regain the fertility of
the soil. Continuous production of cereals on the same plot of land reduces the fertility of the
soil which may be restored if other crops like pulses, vegetables etc. are grown there. 9. Lack
of Organized Agricultural Marketing: Indian farmers are facing the problem of low
income from their marketable surplus crops in the absence of proper organized markets and
adequate transportation facilities. Scattered and sub-divided holdings are also creating serious
problem for marketing their products. Agricultural marketing in India is also facing the
problem of marketing farmers’ produce in the absence of adequate transportation and
communication facilities. 10. Instability in Agricultural Prices: Fluctuation in the prices of
agricultural products poses a big threat to Indian agriculture. For the interest of the farmers,
the Government should announce the policy of agricultural price support so as to contain a
reasonable income from agricultural practices along with providing incentives for its
expansion.

8. Q/ What are the imp technologies used in smart farming?
Smart Farming focuses on application of acquired data and combining it from various data
sources to show the bigger picture to manage all the activities of the farm. Smart farming is a
big leap from traditional farming as it brings certainty and predictability to table.
Robotics, automation and cloud software systems are tools for smart farming.
IoT (Internet of Things): in agriculture involves sensors, drones and robots connected
through internet which function automatically and semi automatically performing operations
and gathering data aimed at increasing efficiency and predictability. Semi-automatic: robots
with arms can detect weeds and spray pesticides in the affected plants, saving up the plants as
well as overall pesticide costs. These robots can also be used in harvesting and lifting. Heavy
farming vehicles can also be navigated from the comfort of homes through phone screens to
perform tasks and GPS can track their positions at every time. Drones: equipped with sensors
and cameras are used for imaging, mapping and surveying the farms. They can be remotely
controlled or they can fly automatically through software-controlled flight plans in their
embedded systems, working in coordination with sensors and GPS. Remote sensing: utilizes
sensors placed along the farms. They monitor the crops for changes in light, humidity,
temperature, moisture, precipitation and dew detection. The data collected by sensors helps in
determining the weather pattern in farms. The analysis of quality of soil helps in determining
the nutrient value and drier areas of farms, soil drainage capacity or acidity, which allows to
adjust the amount of water needed for irrigation. Role of SAAS (Software as a service)-
Based Cloud Software in Smart Farming: Cloud based software is used for the
management of financial and field activities of farms. Prior to computers, farmers-maintained
data manually by keeping lengthy records on papers which was prone to human calculation
errors. After the computer boom in the 1980s, finance software such as Money Counts came
to market. The biggest challenge that farmers faced was the inability to manage field data.
Applications of Cloud-based Software
Food Production Companies - Output Predictability
Financial Lending Companies - Risk Management
Insurance Providers - Risk Coverage
Seed Production Companies - Quality Maximization
Government Advisories - Output Predictability & Sustainability
Agri Input Companies - Production Forecast

9. SRISTI (Society for Research and Initiatives for Sustainable Technologies and Institutions),
setup in 1993, is a developmental voluntary organization aiming to strengthen the creativity
of/at/for grassroots communities, and individual innovators It supports eco-friendly solutions
to local problems being scouted, spawned and spread by the Honey Bee Network for over 33
years. It also nurtures eco-preneurs engaged in conserving biodiversity, common property
resources, cultural diversity and educational innovations. There are five pillars of Honey
Bee Network which SRISTI is committed to reinforce:
• Educational innovations by school and college teachers, students and
other stakeholders. • Institutional innovations at community and other levels in managing
resources. • Improving access of knowledge-rich, economically poor people to trigger self-
reliant development process. • Cultural creativity so that curiosity, collaboration, and
compassion grow through art, literature and crafts etc.• Technological innovations and
traditional knowledge dealing with human, animal, plant and ecosystem health, and policy
reforms to generate frugal innovations for sustainable development at all levels, with specific
reference to youth, children, women and elderly.
Mission-Adopt highest standards of governance to emerge as a leading knowledge and
technology driven, innovative and scalable international organization.
Philosophy of Eight E’s- Ethics, Empathy, Equity, Efficiency, Excellence, Environment,
Education and Entrepreneurship – the values that are central to the existence of Honey
Bee Network.
ICT Initiatives: 1. KNOWLEDGE NETWORK FOR AUGMENTING GRASSROOTS
INNOVATION (KNOW-NET GRIN) PROJECT: The project was implemented with the
support from InfoDev division of World Bank and was jointly implemented with IIM,
Ahmedabad.
2. WOMEN, WISDOM AND WELL BEING: This project had aimed at documentation,
dissemination, value addition and networking of women innovators, their knowledge and
wisdom for their well being.
3. GRASSROOTS GREEN INNOVATIONS LOCAL LANGUAGE DATABASE
PROJECT (SUPPORTED BY NISSAT, DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC &
INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH): The project was the first phase of database development of
1500 outstanding practices in traditional knowledge, grassroots innovation and medicinal
plants in multi-media and multiple languages.
4. INDIAINNOVATES.COM: The site was launched in association with National
Innovation Foundation (NIF) with active contribution from SRISTI. Besides SRISTI and
NIF, the site is also being supported by Gujarat Grassroots Innovation Augmentation
Network (GIAN) and Honey Bee Network.
SITARE BIIS- Students Innovations for Translation & Advancement of Research
Explorations-Biotech Innovation Ignition School
BIRAC-Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council, Department of Biotechnology
FINE- Festival of Innovation and Entrepreneurship
SDC- [Swiss Development Cooperation]
IDRC- [International Development Research Center]
FAO /FTPP- [The Food and Agriculture Organization/Forests, Tree and People Program
GEF- Global Environment Facility
UNDP- [The United Nations Development Programme],
NISSAT- [The National Information System for Science & Technology],

10. Q/ What are the Barriers in ICT implementation? Discuss ?
Availability and Affordability:
• Despite the fact that ICT has immense potential in disseminating agricultural
knowledge and information, the low level of ICT infrastructure in developing
countries is believed to have hindered the sector from realizing its potential.
• In most cases, rural people live sparsely and this makes the provision of infrastructure
and public utilities such as electric power, water, health facilities and some devices of
modern ICTs very difficult to deploy in rural areas.
• The incomes of rural people are very low compared to urban areas thus it becomes
difficult for the rural people to afford modern ICTs.The other challenge is how to
make ICT both affordable and available in areas that are convenient to smallholder
farmers.
• Availability of areas refers to the presence of various access points particularly
information kiosks, telecentres, call centres, and so on in a manner that is accessible
to the majority of the farmers. These services are not adequately available and
accessible to the small farmer in developing countries.
Accessibility and Usability:
• Income is the major barrier to the uptake of these technologies but as they become
complex, they are increasingly constrained by literacy and education.
• The challenges of access to ICT can be divided into two: (i) access to ICT
infrastructure and (ii) access to ICT services.
• The access to ICT infrastructure in developing countries is still very low. In spite of
being a necessary condition, access to ICT infrastructure by itself is not sufficient for
the dissemination of knowledge and information to occur through it.
• Some challenges exist to using ICTs in this field, such as: erratic power supplies;
fluctuating networks; high costs of ICT infrastructure; low incomes of rural farmers;
lack of policies to enhance ICT development in rural areas; and a lack of necessary
skills to use the technologies.

11. Q/How digital marketing plays an important role in Smart Agriculture? How it has
helped to improve farm efficiency? Discuss ?
Advanced technologies are not uncommon to agriculture. Gene mapping under the electron
microscope, bio-technology and the information services have regularly brought into use
available digital technologies. Satellites & weather scanning radars and digital temperature &
humidity sensors have been around for a few decades. However, of late, the digitisation of
agricultural information and its analytics is increasingly changing the way farming is done
and a fusion of digital technologies are playing an important role.
• The direct benefit transfer (DBT) system for a multitude of support schemes, linked
with Aadhaar is a notable example.
• Digital head count of livestock and analysis of their health through RFID (radio
frequency identification) and micro-chips-based ear tags and the traceability of a
vegetable to its farm plot through digital barcodes are examples of applications.
• The electronic National Agricultural Market (eNAM) is yet another example, where
digital technologies are aimed to link farmers seamlessly with a national level market.
• Big data analytics that can forecast consumer demand, not just a week in advance, but
even before the farmer plans to sow her field, will redefine crop planning, harvest
scheduling and market linkages.
Digital data collation and analytics has been a big boon in this area, especially in India where
though producing surpluses, yet many still remain hungry.
The term smart agriculture refers to the usage of technologies like Internet of Things, sensors,
location systems, robots and artificial intelligence on your farm.
Example of technologies used in smart agriculture are: *Precision irrigation and precise
plant nutrition * Climate management and control in greenhouses *Sensors - for the soil,
water, light, moisture, for temperature management *Software platforms *Location systems -
GPS, satellite, etc * Communication systems - based on mobile connection, Larawan, etc
*Robots * Analytics and optimization platforms * Vertical space utilization.
Importance of Digital marketing in Agriculture : *Ensuring long-term business growth
and reliable revenue * Maintaining or growing industry market share * Promoting brand
recognition and building a business’s loyalty base * Growing traffic to your website across
organic, referral, and social segments * Gaining authority with improved page-linking and
natural backlink growth * Improving sales and revenue affordably, without an ad budget *
Generating leads and sales by catching search traffic for customers who are at the top of the
shopping funnel * Photo and video ads in user feeds * Messenger ads and mail ads that are
designed to reach individuals * Stories ads * Shopping and eCommerce focused ads for
digital retail opportunity * Gaining traffic or revenue during holidays or during short seasonal
periods *When expanding an agriculture business to a new niche or market * Rapidly gaining
traffic for certain industry keywords * Quickly gaining visibility to new business sectors and
geographical markets * Targeting traffic in certain regions, countries, states, or cities *
Generating cash-flow or revenue quickly .

12. Q/ How GPS and GIS is helpful to help a farmer to manage the production?
GIS & GPS: Precision agriculture has only emerged in the last half century but it has provided
farming communities with the management and organizational skills that they require to
better manage their land. the development and implementation of precision agriculture or
site-specific farming has been made possible by combining the Global Positioning System
(GPS) and geographic information systems (GIS). These technologies enable the coupling of
real-time data collection with accurate position information, leading to the efficient
manipulation and analysis of large amounts of geospatial data.
How are farmers using GIS & GPS?
The use of GPS and GIS together allows for real time data collection that acquires an
accurate position. This means that farmers can use devices to map where exactly the
resources of that farm will be used to increase the resource use as well as increase its
efficiency. This is known as farm planning and is used to organize land plots and what they
will be used for. GPS has also given rise to field mapping which is a system for computer
aided field data collection that takes several factors into account such as inventory of crop
types, elevation levels, field boundaries, nearby roads, irrigation systems, etc.
1.Soil Sampling:
For example, soil sampling is an example of a more specific agricultural test aimed at
figuring out details about the soil found such as nutrient content, composition of the soil, pH
level of the soil, etc.
2. Crop Scouting
Crop scouting is where the factors such as pest control, insect control, weed infestations, and
crop performance are used to make decisions about that specific patch of land and whether or
not using pesticides would be a financially sound decision.
Variable Rate Application: Variable rate application is where specific materials are mapped
out and the rate of the application of that material is specific to the needs of that area. It is
similar to field mapping and farm planning but it is conducted on the specific need of the land
by accessing its needs specifically.
Yield Mapping
Yield mapping is collecting information on the output crops and measuring their content.
This is a technique to show which areas produce the driest or moistest crops or which areas
produce the biggest or smallest crop and so forth. Simply stated, it is a method to measure
crop yield.
Location Technology and Farming
Hopefully, the next time, someone at your workplace or in your personal life alludes to
precision agriculture; you will no longer feel like ‘a deer in headlights’ but rather be
comfortable in your own skin because you will know what they are referring to. It is a good
life rule to follow: do not ever allow convoluted vernacular to intimidate you.