The document discusses various methods for water purification and providing safe drinking water. It describes traditional methods like boiling and modern purification systems using filters, reverse osmosis, and UV treatment. It notes that pollution has increased contamination of traditional water sources, making direct consumption unsafe. Properly treated and purified water is necessary to avoid waterborne diseases and ensure health. The transportation and distribution of treated water to homes and businesses through pipes and pumps is also discussed.

1. WATER PURIFICATION AND
WATER RESOURCES

2. ABOUT THE AUTHOR
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currently working on Hyderabad. Your number one source for
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3.  The water available encounters numerous operations to make it drinkable.
 Speaking about it in general, primarily the water taken from the resources available
is first examined if it is suitable for further procedure.
 The water undergoes ozonization, sand filtration, mineralization to make it free from
unwanted particles. After all the procedures the water goes through it is sealed and is
dispatched for sale.
 It takes a lot to just manufacture a bottle of Rs 20. After all, safe drinking water is a
BASIC NECESSITY for every individual.

4. DIFFERENT METHODS FOR WATER PURIFICATION:
With the increased water pollution, filtering the drinking water became
mandatory in the present day. We have different purification methods for
safe drinking water.
Want to know a few of those methods?
Here we go!!
BOILING:
 It is the traditional and simplest way of filtering the water. Boiling the water
for a good amount of time kills many bacteria in the water, making the water
safe to drink.
 All the dead micro-organisms and chemical residues settle at the bottom of
the vessel. It is a well-Used filtering process used by our ancestors since
ancient times.

5. WATER-PURIFIER:
Recently, many people are using water-purifiers for safe drinking water.
Generally, a water-purifier uses different stages to purify the water including UV
and UF filtration and carbon-block.
REVERSE OSMOSIS:
 Reverse Osmosis is the latest purification process most of the people using
nowadays. In this process, the removal of heavy chemical particles, ions, etc., can
be done using a semi-permeable membrane.
 In recent years, many people are using RO systems in their houses for water
purification which assures safe and pure water.

6. DOUBLE FILTRATION:
 Generally, many people buy pure water and again they filter the water in their home
to have proper safe drinking water.
 In the same way, the Double Filtration method promises the water filtered twice to
remove bacteria and harmful chemical contaminants in water.
In double filtration, we have three approaches,
 Water is passed through two or more slow sand filters which are arranged
alternatively.
 Water is passed through two or more rapid sand filters.
 Water is passed through the rapid sand filter and then to slow sand filter.

7. THREE STAGE FILTRATION:
In this process, the water will be purified in three stages.
Stage1: It is a sediment filter where the dust and heavy mud particles will be
removed from the water.
Stage2: It is a carbon filter where the activated carbon removes the chlorine residues
in the water.
Stage3: It is a reverse osmosis filter where the reverse osmosis method is
implemented to remove the harmful bacteria and chemicals like arsenic, lead, etc.,
from water.
SOME OTHER METHODS FOR WATER PURIFICATION:
 Water chlorination
 Distillation
 UV radiation
 Purification by clay vessel
 Ion exchange, etc.,

8. POLLUTION OF TRADITIONAL WATER
RESOURCES:
We have been a part of rapid human civilization; where over the centuries we
exploited our natural resources to a serious point; because of which we are
observing CLIMATE CHANGE & GLOBAL WARMING, which includes
polluting our natural drinking resources as well!!

9. Considering the amount of pollution we are observing today; drinking water directly
from traditional resources is no longer considered safe;
As in today’s day and age, due to urbanization [ where the density of population
increasing in metro cities like [ Hyderabad, Bangalore, Mumbai, etc.], there was
drying up of bore wells and contamination of freshwater resources is observed; due
to which people are falling prey to various Hazardous diseases like Typhoid,
cholera, etc..
WATER POLLUTION
SOURCES OF WATER CONTAMINATION
Sources of water pollution are can either be
•POINT/PARTICULAR
•NONPOINT/DISPERSED
Point source examples include discharge outlets like a sewage pipe or a smokestack

10. COMMON SOURCES OF FRESH WATER & CONTAMINANTS FOUND IN THEM
SOURCE
1.RAIN WATER
2.SURFACE WATER
3.GROUNDWATER
CONTAMINATION BY
AIR POLLUTION
AGRICULTURE &
INDUSTRY
ARSENIC,SELENIUM
BORON

11. Hence, drinking water that is not properly treated or disinfected, or that travels
through an improperly maintained distribution system, also may pose a health risk.
Therefore, with an increase in pollutants in drinking water making traditional
purification methods like
a) Boiling water
b) Filtration
c) Clay pot filtration
d) Cloth filtration
e) Chlorine treatment
Is not necessarily sufficient anymore, as harmful effluents like industrial chemicals,
pesticides cannot be effectively tackled through it...

12. So, switching to PURIFIED WATER [modern purification methods] is non-negotiable.
Modern methods of filtration evolved from 3 steps to 10 steps also with today's
availability of technology and research.
PURIFIED WATER VS REGULAR WATER
 REGULAR WATER: Has a chance of contamination through human activities
/improper sanitation/natural heavy metal contaminations..; making it not safe for
drinking purpose; as it may lead to infectious diseases and various other health
concerns
 PURIFIED WATER: On the other hand purified water, can save you from various
waterborne infections and aids in maintaining good health in general.

13. Transportation and Distribution of Drinking water:
 As we know drinking water is a basic requirement for life and a determinant of
standard of living.
 Poor quality of drinking water supply can result in many diseases like diarrhea,
polio, hepatitis A, and typhoid.
 In most of the rural parts of Karnataka, people are facing health problems due to
inadequate water use.
 These problems are not only with the people of Karnataka but with the whole
country. On 13 July 2019, the Karnataka state government has declared 3122
regions to be affected by drinking water supply.
 This situation arises because of a lack of government planning, corporate
privatization, and government corruption. NITI AYOG claimed that by 2020 many
major cities of India like Delhi, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, and Chennai will run out of
groundwater affecting 100 million people.

14.  In India, water supply is a state responsibility under the Indian Constitution.
The municipal uses filtration and sterilize techniques such as chlorination to
remove the organic and inorganic pollution from the water.
 Then the process of distribution starts and water delivered to homes, offices,
and other apartments through a vast network of pipes and pumping stations. In
some cities like Bengaluru water travels more than 100 kilometers before
reaching our home.
 There are some drawbacks of municipal water distribution in India like the
water body is so polluted that any water sourced from that will require
considerable treatment to purify that.
GOOD WATER, GOOD LIFE, stay healthy,
stay happy...!!