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Fusion Energy
- 1. FUSION ENERGY Presenting by D. Sathyaphaneeshwar 168P1A0243 24 Jan, 2020 1 1
- 2. CONTENTS • NUCLEAR ENERGY • WHY FUSION? • HOW DO WE GET FUSION? • CHALLENGES • PROGRESS • ADVANTAGES • CONCLUSION 2
- 3. NUCLEAR ENERGY “Nuclear energy is formed by Nuclear reactions which will generate heat, which most frequently is then used to steam turbines to produce electricity. In this process, Radioactive decay is formed which is not that safe to have physical contact.”Two Types of Nuclear Reaction: 1. Nuclear Fission 2. Nuclear Fusion 3
- 4. NUCLEAR FISSION “Sub division of heavy atom Nucleus such as Uranium, Plutonium or Thorium into two fragments of roughly equal mas. This process is accomplished by release of large amount of energy in the form of heat.” 4
- 5. “The process of combining small nuclei atoms like isotopes of Hydrogen like Deuterium and Tritium to form heavier nucleus like Helium-2. This process is accomplished by releasing very large amount of heat.” “Nuclear Fusion is the dominant energy generation NUCLEAR FUSION 5
- 6. X Harmful for Global Climate X These are not unlimited in quantity X Cost of Fuel will increase overtime X Some countries cannot get fuel independence NON RENEWABLE SOURCES WHY FUSION? 6 RENEWABLE SOURCES X Inconsistent X Higher Upfront Cost X Storage Problems X Geographic Limitations
- 7. •Not So Stable •Radio Active Waste •Harmful radiation •Chances of Reactor Meltdown NUCLEAR FISSION 7
- 9. 1. Tokamak reactor 2. Magnetized Target Fusion reactor 3. Lockheed Martin Compact Fusion Reactor 4. Stellarator TYPES OF FUSION REACTOR 9
- 10. 10 TOKAMAK REACTOR • “Tokamak” refers to ring shaped magnetic chamber in Russian Language. • Developed by ITER which is joint initiative by India, China, EU, Britain, USA. • France, UK, USA, Korea, Japan have their own separate reactors.
- 11. MAGNETIZED TARGET FUSION REACTOR • Developed by “General Fusion” founded by Dr. Michael Lambarge. 11
- 12. LOCKHEED MARTIN COMPACT FUSION REACTOR • Developed by an “Lockheed Martin” under “Skunk Works” division. • Compact in size 12
- 13. STELLARATOR • Designed by Lyman Sptizer • Construction completed in 2019 • Oldest design of Confinement reactor 13
- 14. CHALLENGES 14 nτT ≥ 5×1021 m- 3 s KeV τ
- 15. PROGRESS 15 The longest contained fusion reaction to date is just 70 seconds – a record made by the Korean Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research reactor (KSTAR) in 2016.
- 16. PROGRESS 16 • 15M Celsius on Tokamak Reactor. • 40M Celsius on Stellarator.
- 17. PROGRESS 17 There are at least 78 Experimental Fusion Reactors which aim to make Fusion Possible
- 19. CONCLUSION FUSION IS THE MOST PROMISING WAY OF ENERGISING FUTURE AND IT ALSO THE TOUGHEST ENGINEERING ATTEMPT BY HUMANITY 19
- 20. REFERENCES [1]. http://www.ccfe.ac.uk/introduction.aspx - “Introduction to the fusion Energy” [2]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power - “Nuclear Power and its types” [3]. https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Nuclear_fusion - “Types of Nuclear Fusion reactions” [4]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mZsaaturR6E – “ Tokamak Reactor” [5]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2m9kC1yRnLQ – “ Magnetic Target Fusion Reactor” [6].https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/products/compact- fusion.html - “ Lockheed Martin Compact fusion reactor.” 20
- 21. 21 QUIRIES?
- 22. 22
Editor's Notes
- Well,, Fusion in nature occurs due to extreme gravity of the massive stars. The have enough gravity to crush their own materials to fuse. But on earth it is not possible. So we need to build an Fusion reactor. Two types are the most popular. In general Fusion rweactor, hydrozen is ionised to make it as a round shaped plasma and with help of pistons, the plasma will get fused to give energy. IN tocomac reactor, plasma injectors make the dueterium and tritum in opposite directyoin, and it will get fused to get het