Unit-1 Control Engineering Lect-01.pdf

AE8505-CONTROL ENGINEERING/III AERO
Mr.Satheeswaran V
Assistant Professor/ECE
Nehru Institute of Technology
Coimbatore 641 105
NEHRU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
KALIYAPURAM, COIMBATORE
[Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University]
Department of Aeronautical Engineering

Unit 1 : Introduction
Module : Historical Review
Lecture : 01

Lesson Plan
Department of Computer Science Engineering
Session Topics Duration
1 Historical Review 1 Hour
2,3 Mathematical model of Thermal, Hydraulic and Pneumatic
system
2 Hours
4 Series and Parallel system 1 Hour
5,6 Mathematical model of Mechanical and Electrical system 2 Hours
7,8 Electrical analogous of Mechanical translational & rotational
system
2 Hours
9 Development of flight control system 1 Hour
Total 9 Hours

REVISED BLOOMS TAXONOMY – Objective Oriented Learning Format (OBLF)
Subject Code & Name: AE8505 & Control Engineering
UNIT I – INTRODUCTION
Topic: Introduction Lecture: 01
Course Objective: Ability to solve simple pneumatic, hydraulic and thermal systems, Mechanical
and electrical component analogies based problems in control system present in the
contemporary world relevant to the stream of Aeronautical Engineering.
General Objective: To recap the basic concepts & historical review on control systems.

Specific Objectives for the topic:
• Summarize the basics of control system (S)
• Demonstrate the terminologies in control systems (E)
• Classify the various types of control systems (S)
• Recap the historical developments of control systems (S)
**S – Science, E – Engineering, T – Technology, M – Mathematics

Knowledge Dimension vs Cognitive Process Dimension of the Topic
The Knowledge
Dimension
The Cognitive Process Dimension
Remember Understand Apply Analyse Evaluate Create
Factual Knowledge 01,02,04
Conceptual Knowledge 03
Procedural knowledge
Meta – Cognitive
Knowledge

Sketches: Nil ; Equations: Nil
Simulative questions:
1. Define Plant.
The portion of a system which is to be controlled or regulated is called the plant or the
process.
2. Write any four major classification of control system.
• Time varying and Time in-variant control system
• Open-loop control system and Closed-loop control system
• Linear and Non- linear system.
• Lumped and Distributed parameter control system.

Mind map: Student activity

CONCPET
MAP

UNIT-1
SESSION OBJECTIVE
At the end of this session, students will be able to
Recap the basic concepts on control systems,
historical overview of control system.

Basic Concept of Control System
(a) The identification problem : to measure the variables and convert data for analysis.
(b) The representation problem: to describe a system by an analytical form or mathematical
model
(c) The solution problem: to determine the above system model response.
(d) The stability problem: general qualitative analysis of the system
(e) The design problem: modification of an existing system or develop a new one
(f) The optimization problem: from a variety of design to choose the best.
• The two basic approaches to solve these six problems are conventional and modern
approach.

Basic Concept of Control System
• The electrical oriented conventional approach is based on complex function theory.
• The modern approach has mechanical orientation and based on the state variable theory.
• Therefore, control engineering is not limited to any engineering discipline but is equally
applicable to aeronautical, chemical, mechanical, environmental, civil and electrical
engineering.
Basic terminology in control systems
System: A combination or arrangement of a number of different physical components to form
a whole unit such that that combining unit performs to achieve a certain goal.

Control: The action to command, direct or regulate a system.
Plant or process: The part or component of a system that is required to be controlled.
Input: It is the signal or excitation supplied to a control system.
Output: It is the actual response obtained from the control system.
Controller: The part or component of a system that controls the plant.
Disturbances: The signal that has adverse effect on the performance of a control system.
Control system: An interconnection of components forming a system configuration that will
provide a desired response.
Feedback Signal: A measure of the output of the system used for feedback to control the
system.

Negative feedback: The output signal is feedback so that it subtracts from the input signal.
Block diagrams: Unidirectional, operational blocks that represent the transfer functions of
the elements of the system.
Classification of control systems
• Time varying and Time in-variant control system
• Open-loop control system and Closed-loop control system
• Linear and Non- linear system.
• Lumped and Distributed parameter control system.

Historical development of control systems
Year Development (Invention) of control systems
1769 James Watt’s steam engine and governor developed. The Watt steam engine is
often used to mark the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain. During
the Industrial Revolution, great strides were made in the development of
mechanization, a technology preceding automation.
1800 Eli Whitney’s concept of interchangeable parts manufacturing demonstrated in the
production of muskets. Whitney’s development is often considered to be the beginning
of mass production.
1868 J. C. Maxwell formulates a mathematical model for a governor control of a steam
engine.
1913 Henry Ford’s mechanized assembly machine introduced for automobile production.
1927 H.W. Bode analyzes feedback amplifiers.

1932 H. Nyquist develops a method for analyzing the stability of systems.
1952 Numerical control (NC) developed at Massachusetts Institute of Technology for control
of machine-tool axes.
1954 George Devol develops “programmed article transfer,” considered to be the first
industrial robot design.
1960 First Unimate robot introduced, based on Devol’s designs. Unimate installed in 1961 for
tending die-casting machines.
1970 State-variable models and optimal control developed.
1980 Robust control system design widely studied.
1990 Export-oriented manufacturing companies emphasize automation.

1994 Feedback control widely used in automobiles. Reliable, robust systems demanded in
manufacturing.
1997 First ever autonomous rover vehicle, known as Sojourner, explores the Martian surface.
1998-
2003
Advances in micro- and nanotechnology. First intelligent micro machines are developed
and functioning nano machines are created.

References:
• Nagoor Kani “Control Systems Engineering” RLB Publication, 2nd Edition
• N C Jagan “Control Systems” BS Publication, 2nd Edition
• I J Nagrath, M.Gopal, “Control Systems Engineering Engineering” New Age International
Publisher, 5th Edition.

Objective Type Questions:
1. ___________ is a closed loop system
a. Auto pilot for an aircraft .
b. Direct current generator.
c. Car starter.
d. Electric switch.
2. Which principle does the linear system follow?
a. Principle of energy conservation.
b. Principle of mass conservation.
c. Principle of electromagnetism.
d. Principle of superposition.

Assignment Questions:
3. Define open loop control system. (2 marks)
4. What are the components of control system ? (2 marks)
5. Define linear system. (2 marks)
6. Difference between open loop and closed loop control system. (2 marks)

Unit-1 Control Engineering Lect-01.pdf

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