Building Capacity for Smart Sustainable Cities using IoT

Building Capacity for Smart Sustainable Cities using IoT
Dr. Gabriela Viale Pereira
Danube University Krems
CAP4CITY Project Coordinator

ERASMUS + Strengthening Governance Capacity for Smart Sustainable Cities
PROJECT OVERVIEW 1
PRELIMINARY RESULTS 2
02/07/2019 SAMOS 2019 SUMMIT
DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES 3

PROJECT OVERVIEW 1
02/07/2019 SAMOS 2019 SUMMIT

Project Coordinator:
Danube University Krems, Austria
Participating countries:
(EE, PL, NL, BR, AR, CO, CL)
Region:
18 – Latin American Countries
• Considering the great attention the concept of Smart Sustainable Cities (SSC) has reached worldwide, the CAP4CITY project aims
at integrating it into various university courses using new teaching and learning tools, as well as developing new curricula in all
levels of education process. Given the increasing number of competencies needed and its interdisciplinary characteristic, the
curricula for SSC will be implemented in areas such as ICT, Business Administration, Computer Science, Engineering,
Architecture and Urbanism, Urban Planning, Political Science, among others, using a collaborative and international network of
selected academic institutions in Latin America and Europe.
• Besides academic curricula and specialization programmes, the project will provide an e-learning platform filled with a Massive
Online Open Course on SSC.
SAMOS 2019 SUMMIT02/07/2019

Project Management, Quality Assurance, Dissemination
Research
Baseline
Development
of training
modules
Development/Application
MOOC
Training the
trainers
Implementation
Academic curricula Especialised courses

PROJECT OVERVIEW 1

UNDERSTANDING SMART SUSTAINABLE CITIES
Smart Cities  encompasses the areas where local governments operate by using ICT as transformative mechanism
The concept of smart sustainable city (SSC) has grown from five major seeds:
(1) globalization of environmental problems and sustainable development
(2) urbanization and urban growth
(3) sustainable urban development and sustainable cities
(4) global ICT development: wireless and IoT
(5) smart cities: broad solutions
Transportation
Civic
entrepreneurship
Democratic
transparency
Clean energy Services provision
SAMOS 2019 SUMMIT
SSC = combine 3 aspects
(Höjer & Wangel, 2015)
02/07/2019

COMPETENCE AND GOVERNANCE CAPACITY
Challenges for Smart Sustainable Cities
Strategies for strengthening city governments’ competences are needed  Capacity of city administration to specify their
needs
New governance models for smart sustainable city development must be considered
• Require interconnected devices and organizations  involvement of actors in planning and governance of the city
• Coordinating body in an ICT perspective and sustainability  strategically evaluate the effects of ICT investments
• Smart city team  diverse roles and skills to promote smart city development
• New form of relationship management occurs, reshaping the role of government, businesses, citizens, universities and
other stakeholders collaborating on innovative digital urban solutions within new processes and new governance
structures
• A local government plays a dual governing and governance roles in collaborative arrangements

STRUCTURES, ROLES AND COMPETENCIES FOR SMART SUSTAINABLE CITIES
To study the development of human resources for smart sustainable cities:
1. structures and partnerships responsible for ongoing planning, implementation, management and evaluation of smart
sustainable cities;
2. roles and responsibilities, individual and collective, intra-organizational and inter-organizational, assigned to carry out
specific tasks within such structures;
3. competencies that empower planners, implementers, managers, residents and other stakeholders of smart sustainable cities
to perform such roles; and
4. methods to build such competencies for different roles and maintain them within and across organizations participating in
smart sustainable city development.

Method
Theory
1. Literature review – 1581 articles identified through the Scopus search, down to 308 papers selected based on their
abstracts, introductions and conclusions.
Practice
1. Vacancy survey – 143 announcements from 26 countries: home pages of relevant cities, companies and start-ups, job
brokers, plain Internet search.
2. Education survey – 50 programs from 16 countries targeting roles and competency needs for smart sustainable cities.
3. City survey – 6 from Europe: Barcelona, Copenhagen, Gdansk, Helsinki, Tallinn, Vienna; 13 from Latin America: Buenos
Aires, Sao Paulo, Santiago...

Literature review
Scope:
1. concepts of smartness and sustainability
2. institutional aspects – governance, strategies and structures
3. stakeholders and coexistence of smart sustainable cities
4. partnerships with citizens, businesses and universities
5. how universities enable organizational learning and innovation
6. what roles are assigned to leaders, managers, technical and service staff, etc.
7. individual, collective, intra- and inter-organizational competencies for such roles
8. how to build and maintain such competencies with universities

Findings – Dimensions of Smartness
1. smart economy – innovation, entrepreneurship, productivity and ability to transform
2. smart environment – green buildings, green energy, pollution control
3. smart governance - transparency, participation, public services, green policies
4. smart mobility – mixed-modal access, non-motorized options, digital infrastructure
5. smart living – individual safety, education facilities, health system, social cohesion
6. smart people – inclusive, plural and open society, lifelong learning, public life

Dimension of Sustainability based on the concept that the city is sustainable
if it promotes various dimensions of sustainable development (Estevez,
Lopes, and Janowski 2016; UNESCO n.d.):
• Economic – a city with a healthy, dynamic and responsible economy;
• Social – a city promoting social inclusion and quality of life of its
residents;
• Environmental – a city adopting ecological practices to protect its
environment;
• Political (Institutional) – a city governed in transparent ways, while
engaging its residents
Findings – Dimensions of Sustainability
Smart city
sustainability
Social sustainability
Economic
sustainability
Environmental
sustainability
Institutional
sustainability

Findings – Typology of competencies for smart sustainable cities:
• Individual competencies comprise knowledge, skills and attitudes, which are required and which empower relevant staff
to play specific smart sustainable city roles.
• Collective competencies entail the ability to collaborate within and among teams that have to work together in the
performance of their smart sustainable city roles.
• Intra-organizational competencies entail capabilities, rules, processes and other structures that empower individuals and
teams in their individual or collective roles.
• Inter-organizational competencies entail capabilities, rules, agreements and other structures within and across
organizations in the network to work together.

City Survey
Europe:
1. Barcelona
2. Copenhagen
3. Gdansk
4. Helsinki
5. Tallinn
6. Vienna
Latin America:
1. Buenos Aires, Argentina
2. Rafaela, Argentina
3. Rosario, Argentina
4. Vicente Lopez, Argentina
5. Curitiba, Brazil
6. Sao Paulo, Brazil
7. Antofagasta, Chile
8. Santiago, Chile
9. Bogotá, Colombia
10. Bucaramanga, Colombia
11. Medellin, Colombia
12. Panama City, Panama
13. Montevideo, Uruguay

Findings – Cross-case Analysis
• Sustainability matters are consciously taken into account right from the beginning, i.e. in the definition of targets and objectives
• Most initiatives are focused on technological innovations with the aim to rise the quality of public services, particularly mobility
• New knowledge opportunities: technological for industry, organizational for management, economic for urban planning
• Most initiatives were constructed with the top-bottom approach, a few Latin American projects were also introduced bottom-up
• Dominant drivers are social, governance, economic and ecological, and to a smaller extent academic and mobility
• Barriers include alignment of university alumni profiles with the needs of smart sustainable cities, as well as bureaucracy and
governmental discontinuity

• The toolset used vary from non-digital e.g. private-public partnerships or social innovation, to digital, e.g. digital
innovation platforms, open data platforms
• The roles represent a spectrum of disciplines and levels: successful realization of SSC initiatives requires an
interdisciplinary approach
• Skills are dominated by communication skills, ahead of technical or managerial skills; SSC is primarily a social and
secondly a technological enterprise
• Competency building programs are mostly represented by projects and the academic offer generally does not keep up
with the competency needs
• Universities are still the primary suppliers of competencies, but there is an unsatisfied need of programmes dedicated
solely to smart sustainable cities

• Diversity – some projects focus on concrete problems, e.g. “dedicated lanes for public transport”, others on strategic elements, e.g.
“more democratic use of technology”.
• Government and industrial partners are playing driving roles as the initiators and leaders of projects, with limited role of academia
and NGOs.
• An interdisciplinary approach is dominating in the smart sustainable city domain, with limited use of organizational innovations.
• The expected outcomes are rather well defined but do not necessarily correspond with the actually attained benefits.
• A repeating range of positions and competencies is noticeable, with strong focus on soft skills and social attitudes.
• A well-developed assessment of competency building, dominated by projects and assessed by diplomas for smart sustainable city
education.

DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SMART CITY GOVERNMENT
GOV 3.0 Project: The term “disruptive technology” refers to the technologies whose application has potential to drastically
alter the processes and operations in a particular field of the public sector (Ronzhyn et al. 2019)
The increased possibilities of the public sector to generate, collect and utilize data, as well as information management
(digital technology, data mining and ICT) and the related processes of digital information exchange influence the
organization of cities and the development of local services
The progression of technologies such as big data and IoT has played an imperative role in operationalizing smart city
initiatives, allowing applications that helps to reach sustainability, better resilience, effective governance, enhanced quality of
life, and intelligent management of smart city resources
Provide deeper insights and better decision making practices, and access to a wealth of real time information about urban
environment and local objects
IoT is playing a new role in making the world smarter and more interconnected

Examples of Types of Internet of
Things Projects in Communities
(GAO, 2017b)

SAMOS 2019 SUMMIT
THE EFFECT OF THE INTERNET OF THINGS ON SUSTAINABILITY
Side effects of technology advances
Man-made CO2 emissions  fuel-powered motors and generators
Water pollution  chemicals
Poor mental health  use of smartphones..
75% of 640 IoT deployments projects concentrate on five SDGs:
#9 Industry, innovation, and infrastructure (25%)
#11 Smart cities and communities (19%)
#7 Affordable and clean energy (19%)
#3 Good health and well-being (7%)
#12 Responsible production and consumption (5%)
02/07/2019
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/01/effect-technology-sustainability-sdgs-internet-things-iot/

SAMOS 2019 SUMMIT
DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SMART CITY GOVERNMENT
Identifying Research needs (Ronzhyn et al. 2019)
• Standardisation of collected data by IoT and the standardisation of the IoT devices. Common standards are especially
important in IoT as different models of sensors can be used as a network to provide valuable results, so the data collected
by these sensors needs to be compatible and interoperable.
• Interoperability to ensure that different implementations of the same technology are able to effectively “talk to each other”
• IoT  especially technical interoperability of different sensors
• Stakeholders: whether citizen engagement/ co-creation and outsourcing to the private sector could increase the
acceptance of and trust towards IoT systems
• Context-specific information on field of application (smart cities, agriculture…)
• Data privacy and security in urban settings
• Data accuracy
• Sustainability of sensors infrastructure
02/07/2019

Dr. GabrielaViale Pereira
CAP4CITY Project Coordinator
Senior Scientist | Department for E-Governance andAdministration
Danube University Krems
Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30 | 3500 Krems a. d. Donau |Austria
tel: +43 (0) 2732 893 - 2309
e-mail: gabriela.viale-pereira@donau-uni.ac.at
www.cap4city.eu
Thank you!

Building Capacity for Smart Sustainable Cities using IoT

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