This Slides Discussed all the immunotherapy for Parkinson's Disease which are in Pre-clinical and clinical trials. It includes both Passive and Active Immunotherapy for PD. PD is the second most common Neurodegenerative disorder after AD.

1. IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR PARKINSON’S
DISEASE
SAKEEL AHMED (PhD Scholar)
Department of Pharmacology (NIPER, Mohali)

2. Introduction
 Parkinson’s disease(PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative
disorder in the world, which mainly affect dopaminergic neurons in the
substantia nigra pars compacta.
 People with PD may experience:
Resting tremor
Bradykinesia
Limb Rigidity
Postural instability
Cognitive changes
Constipation
Sleep disorders
Fatigue
Motor symptoms Non-motor symptoms
https://www.parkinson.org/Understanding-Parkinsons
https://archive.org/stream/manualofdiseases02goweuoft#page/591/mode/1up

3. Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease

4. Targets for the Immunotherapy

5. Figure: Structure of Alpha Synuclein
Figure: Pattern of Alpha Synuclein Aggregation
β-sheets
β-sheets

6. Types of Immunotherapy for PD
1. Passive Immunotherapy
 Antibodies
 Intrabodies
 Nanobodies
 Bispecific Antibody
2. Active Immunotherapy
 Vaccines

7. Challenges in development of Immunotherapy for PD
Efficacious active immunization strategies in PD must overcome two rate-
limiting obstacles:
1) Specificity for target antigens (αS).
2) Ensure adequate supply of antibodies across the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
Others
1) Biomarkers that accurately define subgroups within the PD patient
population.
2) Collection, pooling and analyze large scale cohort data by selecting, high
quality cohorts.

8. Immunotherapy against α-Synuclein

10. Figure. Structure and mechanisms of action of ABL301.
ABL301: Bispecific Antibody for PD

11. II:
:

12. Vaccines against α-Synuclein

13. Future Prospectus of Immunotherapy for PD
 Refine predictive models.
 Develop a biomarker that indicates that the intervention gets to the brain and engages the target.
 Collect, pooling and analyze large scale cohort data by selecting, high quality cohorts.
 Incorporate more genetic data in specific subpopulation.
 Study longitudinal clinical disease-course data and neuropathologic correlation for proposed PD
progression patterns.
 Identify more reliable outcome measure including neuroimaging and wet biomarkers.
 Develop biomarkers that accurately define subgroups within the PD patient population.

14. References
1. Zella, S. M. A. et al. Emerging Immunotherapies for Parkinson Disease. Neurol. Ther. 8, 29–
44 (2019).
2. Mandler, M. et al. Next-generation active immunization approach for synucleinopathies:
Implications for Parkinson’s disease clinical trials. Acta Neuropathol. 127, 861–879 (2014).
3. Nishant N.V. et al. Antibodies against alpha-synuclein: Tools and therapy. Neurochemistry,
J. O. F. 612–625 (2019).
4. Chatterjee, D. & Kordower, H. Neurobiology of Disease Immunotherapy in Parkinson ’ s
disease : Current status and future directions. 132, (2019).