The document summarizes the components and working of a hard disk drive. It describes the main components as platters, spindle motor, actuator, read/write heads and logic boards. It explains that platters are coated with magnetic medium and spun by the spindle motor. The actuator moves the read/write heads across the platters to access different tracks, sectors and clusters where data is written and read using electromagnetic encoding. Common hard disk manufacturers include Seagate, Samsung, Toshiba, Fujitsu and Western Digital.

1. SIGMA POLYTECHNIC
Saini Tarandeep Singh M. (126420319613)
Department : Mechanical Engineering (19)
Sem : 6th Sem
Year : 2016
Subject : Manufacturing System
(3361904)

2. How it’s
Made –

3. STORAGE DEVICES
• OneofthewidelyusedHardwareforStoringPermanentDataisHARDDISKDRIVE
• ItisusedforStoringofDATAforlongtermuse.

4. Hard Disk Drive
• Introduction
• HardDiskDriveisanonvolatiledatastorage
device,itmeansthatthestoragedevice
retainsthedataevenwhennopoweris
suppliedtothecomputer.
• SomeoftheprofoundchangesinPCharddisk
storageareitscapacity,datatransferrates
fromthemedia.

5. Hard disk
 Itisabitstoragedevicewhichstorethedatapermanentlyinmagneticplates. Itisalsoknownasnon-volatile
memory.
 IntroducedbyIBMin1956,HDDsbecamethedominantsecondarystoragedeviceforgeneralpurpose
computersbytheearly1960s.
 Theplattersaremadeupofaluminumandcoatedwithamagneticmedium
 Plattersspinbetween3500and10,000roundsperminute(RPM)

6. Features
• StorageCapacity
• Thestoragecapacityoftheharddiskreferstotheamountofdisk
spacethatcanbeusedtostoretheuserdata.
• DataTransferSpeed
• Therearetwowaystomeasurethespeedofthediskdrive
• Averageseektime
• Transferrate
• Stability
• IthasbeenmeasuredbyMeanTimeBetweenFailure(MTBF).

7. Different type Hard disk
1.IDE(IntegratedDeviceelectronic)or
ATA(AdvancedTechnologyattachment)
2.SATA(SerialAdvancedTechnologyattachment)
3.SCSI(SmallComputersystemInterface)
SCSIharddiskusedinCompaniestostorethedata.Itishotswappablemeanswecanremoveandplugthis
harddiskwhilesystemisrunning.

8. IDE Hard Disk
• ItisalsoknownasATAdisk
• Itishaving40pinsdataconnector,
• 4pinsforpowerconnector
• 4pinsforJumpersetting
• Wecanconnect2IDEdevicein1datacableaftercreatingonemasterandoneslavedisc

9. SATA hard disk
• ItismorefasterthanIDEharddisk
• Itishaving7pinsdataconnector
• Itdoesnotrequiredjumpersetting
• Itconnect1devicein1datacable

10. Hard disk internal architectures
• Thereis8MagneticPlatesand16heads.
• Platter containsnumbersoftrackandsector
• Trackcreatesvirtualcylinderinsideharddisk
• Eachsectorcontainsnos.ofclusterhavingspecificsize
• Cluster storesthedatainBIT(0,1)throughhead
Ambika Institute of Computer Technology

11. Hard Disk Drive Components
• Aflat,rounddiskcalledplattersisusedinaharddisk
• Theplattersareloadedonaspindle.
• Spindlemotorspinstheplatters.
• Electromagneticread/writedevicescalledheadsaremounted
ontosliders.
• Eachplatterhastwoheads

12. Hard Disk Drive Components
• Platters
• Thisplatterismadeupofsubstratematerial,whichgivesstructureandrigidity
• Plattersarephysicallyconnectedinthemiddleanddrivenbythespindlemotor.
• HardDiskRead/WriteHeads
• Theharddiskdriveread/writeheadsactlikeaninterfacebetweenthemagneticmediaandthepart
oftheharddisk.
• Headsarejoinedtotheheadactuatormoveacrossthedisk.

13. Hard Disk Drive Components
• TypesofReadorWriteHeads
• FerriteHead–Itisusedformagneticrecording.
• MetalinGapHead(MIG)-Ametalsubstancehasbeenfilledinthegap,and
increasestheresistanceofmagneticsaturation.
• ThinFilmHead-Thisheadfloatsclosertothediskthantheotherheads.
• MagnetoResistiveHead-TheMRheadcanchangeresistance.

14. Hard Disk Drive Components
• GiantMagnetoResistiveHead(GMR)-Itwillworkon
multilayerofmaterialsdumpedinit.
• HeadActuatorMechanism
• Steppermotoractuators
• Itisanelectricalmotorthatcanstepfromlocationto
other,withclick-stoppositions
• VoiceCoilActuator
• Itisusedtoshifttheheadarmsinandout.
• Ithasaspecialguidancesystem

15. Hard Disk Drive Components
• Spindle Assemble
• The spindle motors are directly connected to the hard disk platter
spindle
• Spindle Motor
• The motor that spins the platters is called the spindle motor.
• Logic Board (s)
• The logic boards have electronics that control the drive’s spindle and
head actuator systems.

16. PLATTER
• PLATTER IS A METALIC PLATE WHICH IS USED TO STORE THE DATA IN THE
ELECTROMAGNETICFORM.
• THEDATAISSAVEDINTRACK,SECTOR&CLUSTERFORMAT
• THERECANBEMORETHANONEPLATTERINAHARDDISK

17. SPINDLE MOTOR
• SPINDLEMOTORisused to revolve thePlatter to accesstheeachand everypartoftheHARD
DISK
• The revolving of the platter is measured in RPM (RPM stands for REVOLUTION PER
MIN/ROTATIONSPERMIN)
• CurrentRPMrangesfrom7,200to15,000

18. ACTUATOR
• ACTUATORisusedtomakeaccesstheReadWriteHeadtotheeverycornerofthePlatter
• If we consider the live example for the Actuator, it is like a CAR WIPER which moves in 45 degree
approximately

19. READ AND WRITE HEAD
• ReadWriteHeadoftenrefereedasR/WHEAD
• ItisaSmallBlackDevicewhichisresponsiblefortheOperationof ReadingandWriting.
• ItisusedforReadingandWritingoperationsfromtheHARDDISK

20. READ AND WRITE PROCESS
• Platters are divided into 512 byte sectors. These sectors are the area on the platter that data is
written to. The platters have a magnetic coating applied to them that is extremely sensitive to
magnetism.

21. WORKING
• While theplatters arerotatinginacircle,the read/writeheads aremoved over thedisksurface
to the location where they need to write (or save) information. The read/write heads do not
actually touch the surface ofthe diskplatters; instead, they “hover” about ten micro-inches (or
millionths of an inch) above—that’s not even enough space to place a hair between the
read/writeheadandtheplatter’s surface.Thisdesignhelpsimprovediskperformance,because
a read/write head that made contact with the platter would cause friction, slowing down the
rotationspeedofthedisk.

22. Hard disk Manufacturer
1. Seagate
2. Samsung
3. Toshiba
4. Fujitsu
5. Western Digital
6. Maxtor