4. Textiles and the environment
Textiles products have a large impact on
the environment as energy and resources
are used in production, and waste is
produced
5. The textile industry
• One of the major contributors to many Asian
economies and one of the main revenue-
generating sectors.
• Has grown over the past years to become
primary export earner and largest single
employer of the manufacturing industry in
Bangladesh
6. The textile industry
• Comprised of a diverse, fragmented group of
establishments that produce and or process
textile-related products (fiber, yarn, fabric) for
further processing into apparel, home
furnishings, and industrial goods.
• Receive and prepare fibers; transform fibers into
yarn, thread, or webbing; convert the yarn into
fabric or related products; and dye and finish
these materials at various stages of production
7. The textile industry
• Environmental issues
– Wastewater
– Emission to air
– Energy consumption
– Solid and liquid waste
– Hazardous material management
8. • Industrial process wastewater from natural
fiber processing
• May contain pesticides used in pre-finishing
processes (e.g. cotton growing and animal
fiber production),
• potential microbiological pollutants (e.g.
bacteria, fungi, and other pathogens)
• Other contaminants (e.g. dye, tar).
9. • Process Wastewater Treatment
• wastewater treatment may require the use of
unit operations specific to the manufacturing
process in use.
• source segregation and pretreatment of
wastewater streams
• (i) high load (COD) streams containing non-
biodegradable compounds using chemical
oxidation
• (ii) reduction in heavy metals using chemical
precipitation, coagulation and flocculation, etc.
• (iii) treatment of highly colored or high TDS
streams using reverse osmosis.
10. • Emissions to Air
– Dust
• occur during natural fiber and synthetic staple
processing and yarn manufacturing.
• Fiber (especially cotton) handling and storage are
sources of dust, particularly within work areas.
– VOCs and Oil Mists
• Emissions of VOCs are related to the use of
organic solvents in activities such as printing
processes, fabric cleaning, wool scouring and
heat treatments
11. • Exhaust Gases
– Combustion sources for power generation and
process heating
• Odors
– Odors may be generated in, particularly during
dyeing and other finishing processes, and use of
oils,
– solvent vapors, formaldehyde, sulfur compounds,
and ammonia
12.
13. • Solid Wastes
• include trials, selvedge, trimmings, cuttings of
fabrics, and yarns; spent dyes, pigments, and
printing pastes; and sludge from process
wastewater
