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2. NOVEL/fiction
Sahira Bano

3. what is novel? Defined by different authors/critics
How it differs from other forms of prose?
Important Elements of novel
Different novel forms/types with examples
origin and development of novel
Important novelists and their contribution in different ages
Themes of novels covered in syllabus
Important points to be covered for SPSC
Tips to prepare Novel section for SPSC
OUTLINE OF DISCUSSION

4. “A comic epic in prose.” Fielding
A long narrative in prose detailing the actions of fictitious people. W. E. Williams
A picture of life and manners, and of time in which it is written. Clara Reeve
A fiction in prose of certain length. E.M Forster in Aspects of the Novel quotes.
A “ Pocket theatre ” Marion Crawford (American novelist) “The most elastic and
irregular of all the great forms of literary expression.” Hudson
Novel Defined
A novel basically is taken from Latin word NOVILA that is referred as a fictional
piece of prose almost written in a narrative style presenting a realistic picture of
believable characters and events, grows out of life and based on real life.

5. Novel as a form of Art
“ There is not a critic alive who will say that a novel is a
work of art and that such he will judge it.” Virginia Woolf
Novels are to love as fairy tales to dreams.
S. T. Coleridge
The literature of the people begins with fables and ends
with novels.
Joseph Joubert

6. Novel and Fiction
Fiction is a broader term used for all imaginary works of literature, a
novel is an extended fictional prose narrative.
Novel And Short Story
some elements are same… and others are different. Like length, setting,
characters etc…
Novel And Drama
Novel is to read and drama is to be staged.
How it differs from other forms of prose

7. 1.Length (medium sized)
2. plot or structure (loose or organic)
3. Characters (6-8 flat and round)
4. Dialogues
5. Setting and Atmosphere
6. Point of view
7. Theme
8. Opening
9. Ending
10. Style and language
Elements of a novel

8. traditional novels
1. Historical novel
2. Psychological novel
3. Autobiographical novel
4. picaresque novel
5. Epistolary novel
6. Gothic novel
7. Stream of consciousness
8. Allegorical novel
All modern novels
Types of Novel

9. 4. Psychological novel
The characters are more crucial than plot or any other element of the novel.
The author depicts internal state of characters’ mind.
e.g. walter scott’s Ivanhoe, The Talisman
Thackeray's Henry Esmond
1. Historical Novel
Historical events are interwoven into the novel. All elements are based on some
historical event happened in history.
E.g. Walter Scott’s Ivanhoe, The Talisman
William Thackeray's Henry Esmond

10. 4. Picaresque novel
Picaresque is a Spanish word, rogue. It tells the life of a knave or picaroon who
serves several masters and satirizes society through his experiences. E.g. Thomas
Nashe’s The Unfortunate Traveler , Defoe’s Moll Flanders, Fielding’s Jonathan
Wild and Smollett’s Roderick Random
3. Autobiographical Novel
The author writes this novel with subjectivity and shares his experiences which becomes
more important than the characters he produces. E.g. George Eliot’s “ Adam Bede,
Smollett’s personal life in Roderick Random, Fielding’s Jonathan Wild, Joseph Conrad’s
Lord Jim depicts the vivid picture of his love for sea. Dickens' David Copperfield

11. 6. Gothic novel
Such novels are of middle ages art and architecture. Horror, supernatural elements
are common. E. g. Horace Walpole's The Castle of Otranto, Ann Radcliff’s The
Mysteries of Udolpho and Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights.
5. Epistolary Novel
Author narrates all incidents in the form of letters by characters.
E.g. Richardson’s Pamela, Fielding’s Andrew and Arvind Adiga’s The /white
Tiger

12. 8. Allegorical novel
The characters, events and objects are symbolically represented. The author conveys
the deeper meaning than that of the surface meaning. More issues of society are
highlighted. E.g. Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travel, John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s
Progress and George Orwell’s Animal Farm.
7. Streamof consciousness
Novels in which flow of thoughts run in the characters’ mind and through
speculations and interior monologue, characters state of mind is exposed. E.g.
James Joyce’s Ulysses, William Faulkner’s The Sounds and the furry.

13. Hudson, “ It is impossible to dogmatize the actual beginnings of novel in
England.
Others report about 10th century the collection of stories like Arabian
Nights’ entertainments and The Thousand and One Nights was an
embryonic form of novel.
First credited novel is Danial Defeo’s Robinson Crusoe
In Elizabethan age Lyly’s Euphues
in 17th century Mrs. Aphra Behn
Addison, Steel and Swift for their characterization
Origin of Novel

14. Four wheels of novels of 18th century
1. Samuel Richardson 2. Henry Fielding 3. Tobias Smollett 4. Laurence Sterne
Sir Walter Scott called Henry Fielding the “father of the English novel,”
1. Samuel Richardson
1. Pamela or Virtue Rewarded (1740)
Pamela wins love and aristocratic status by her virtue.
2. Clarissa Harlowe (1748) The Adventures of young Lady
Clarissa heroine of the novel, Lovelace liked her, carried her away, died of shame
3. Sir Charles Grandison (1754)
depicts an ideal of a gentleman.
Epistolary novels. Microscopic analysis, morality knowledge of life narrow.
The eighteenthcentury novel

15. 2. Henry Fielding
1. The Adventures of Joseph Andrew (1742)
2.The History of Tom Jones (1749)
3.Amelia (1751)
A devoted and courageous wife faces her husband with his ill-doings and weak will.
Contrast with Richardson, fine at structures of novel, novel as an art, great artist
than Richardson and treatment of life was truer and healthier than his.
The eighteenthcentury novel

16. 3. Tobias Smollett (1721-1771)
1. The Adventures of Roderick Random (1748)
2. Peregrine Pickle (1751)
3.The Expedition of Humphrey Clinker (1771)
4. History of England
of low level than R and Fiel…characters are crudely drawn, picaresque type of
novels for finer satirist and reformer to paint the monster and presented a novel like
large diffused picture of life.
The eighteenthcentury novel

17. 4. Laurence Sterne (1713-68)
1. Tristram Shandy
2. Gentleman appeared in 9 volumes (1759-1767)
3. Sentimental Journey
Other minor novelists…
Henry Mackenzie, William Godwin
Frances Burney….
The eighteenthcentury novel

18. Sir Walter Scott (1819)
he tried his pen in verse first and became a good novelist later.
1. The Lay of the Last Minstrel
2. Rokeby
3. The Castle of Otranto
4. Ivanhoe
5. The Talisman
6. The Lady of the Lake (good production for public)
7. Waverly (blend of romance and realism)
He tried many historical novels but was not accurate. Represented amalgamation of the 18th
novel of manners and 18th century historical romance. He set the story of manners in an
historical framework.
The novels of Williamwords worthage

19. Three women novelists:
1. Maria Edge worth (1767-1849)
Castle Rackrent
The Absentee
Ormond
2. Susan Edmonston (1782-1852)
Marriage
Destiny
The inheritance
oTher novelists of Williamwords worthage

20. 3. Jane Austen (1775-1817)
Sense and sensibility
Pride and Prejudice
Mansfield Park
Emma
Persuasion
North Anger
Abbey
A novelist with more perfection, subjects commonplace, lacking elements of great passion
and strong action. Touch, tone subtle, humor and characterization life like. She is regarded as
the finest artist.
oTher novelists of Williamwords worthage

21. 1. Charles Dickens (1812-70)
Pickwick Papers (1837)
Nicholas Nickleby
Martin Chuzzlewit (1843)
Domby and Sons (1846-48)
Bleak House Little Dorrit (1855-57)
A Tale of Two Cities (1859)
Great Expectations (1861)
Our Mutual Friend (1864-65)
Edwin Drood unfinished
Humanitarianism. Greatest social reformer, although depicted many social follies but was of
optimistic thoughts. The champion of week, the outcast, and the oppressed.
The Age of Tennyson novel

22. 2. William Makepeace Thackeray (1811-63)
Vanity Fair (1847-48)
Henry Esmond (1852)
The artist of society, clubs, the drawing rooms and the well to do, social satirist and a realist.
He always attacked snobbery, affectation, and humbug of society. Focus on characters.
3. George Eliot (1819-80) Mary Ann
Romola (tale of Renaissance in Florence)
Adam Bede (1859)
The Mill on the Floss(1860)
Silas Marner (1861)
Middle march (1871)
Daniel Deronda
The Age of Tennyson novel

23. Transition age change to realism
1. George Moore (1857-1933)
Esther Waters
George Gissing (1857-1903)
The private papers of Henry Ryecroft (autobiography)
The novelists of Age of hardy

24. The Novelist of Transition

25. The Novelist of Transition

26. The Novelist of Twentieth century

27. The Novelist of present age

28. Key points of novel
Novel
Name
publication
year
Writer
Age and
features
Type of novel
point of view
setting
Plot/story
themeCharacteriza
tion/
dialogues
Devices
used
moral
Philosophy
criticism
What is
unique

29. Howto prepare

30. Time to sumup

31. Thank you so much
Any query?????
The end