The document provides information about the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). It discusses that GATT was established in 1947 to liberalize trade policies and reduce tariffs. The WTO was created in 1995 and replaced GATT as the international organization regulating global trade. The key differences between WTO and GATT are that WTO is permanent, has members rather than contracting parties, and has a more powerful dispute settlement mechanism. The objectives of WTO are to set trade rules, provide a forum for negotiations, resolve disputes, increase transparency, and help developing countries benefit from trade. It also discusses the role of WTO in trade opening, negotiating agreements, operating

1. Sachal siyal

2. What is WTO and GATT?
Different between WTO and GATT?
Objective of WTO?
Tariff and trade?
Role of WTO?
Structure of WTO?
Current issue of WTO?

3. What is WTO and GATT?
Generally agreement on tariff and trade (GATT) was
made in the 1947 that aimed at initiating an
international trade, by liberalizing policies and
removing tariffs
It was succeeded by world trade organization
(WTO), which is a global organization that
encourage and facilitates inter-country trade
and also –help in resolving trade disputes.

4. Intergovernmental organization which regulates
the international trade .
Officially commenced on 1st Jan 1995 under
Marrakesh agreement .
123 nation in 1994 signed
Its is made up of 164 member country in 1995
WTO replaced GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade) 1947

5. Different between WTO and GATT:
WTO GATT
WTO is permanent. GATT was provisional.
WTO has member. GATT has contracting
parties.
WTO does not GATT system allows
Permit this. existing domestic,
legislation to contin
-ue even if t violated
GATT agreement.

6. Continues…
WTO is more GATT was less
Powerful and powerful and disp
dispute settlement -ute settlement
mechanism was more mechanism was
efficient. less efficient.

7. Objective of WTO:
(1) to set and enforce rules for international trade,
(2) to provide a forum for negotiating and monitoring further
trade liberalization.
(3) to resolve trade disputes.
(4) to increase the transparency of decision-making
processes.
(5) to cooperate with other major international economic
institutions involved in global economic management.
(6) to help developing countries benefit fully from the global
trading system.

8. Tariff and trade:
Customs duties on merchandise imports are called tariffs.
Tariffs give a price advantage to locally-produced
goods over similar goods which are imported, and they
raise revenues for governments. One result of
the Uruguay Round was countries’ commitments to
cut tariffs and to “bind” their customs duty rates to
levels which are difficult to raise. The current
negotiations under the Doha Agenda continue efforts
in that direction in agriculture and non-agricultural
market access.

9. Role of WTO
Its is an organization for trade opening.
Its is forum for government to negotiate trade agreement.
Its operates a system of trade rules.
WTO is a place where member government try to sort out the
trade problems they face with each other.
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only international
organization dealing with the global rules of trade. Its main
function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly,
predictably and freely as possible.

10. Structure of WTO:

11. Issues WTO and GATT:
Some issues raised:
The Uruguay Round (1986-94) saw a shift in North-South
politics in the GATT-WTO system. Previously, developed
and developing countries had tended to be in opposite
groups, although even then there were exceptions. In the
run up to the Uruguay Round, the line between the two
became less rigid, and during the round different alliances
developed, depending on the issues. The trend has
continued since then.

12. Thank you…