3. Schizophrenia
Presented by
Laxman Nath
Psychosocial and Well-being Department (HOD)
Kopila Nepal, Bulaudi, Pokhara-6, Kaski
4. SCHIZOPHRENIA
Schizophrenia is a severe brain disorder in which people
interpret reality abnormally.
Schizophrenia may result in some combination of
hallucinations (मतिभ्रम), delusions (k|k+r, ;8oGqsf] cfef; x'g'),
and extremely disordered (विकृि, c;fdfGo )thinking and
behavior.
5. Schizophrenia is a psychotic condition characterized by
disturbance in
Thinking (सोच)
Perception (अनुभूति)
Emotions (भािना)
Preference (अभभरुचच )
Abilities (क्षमिा)
In the presence of clear consciousness (चेिना),
Which usually led to social withdrawal (सामाजिक
s[ofsnfaf6 aflxl/g] jf 6f9f /xg] _
6. Facts and Statistics
The Prevalence Rate for schizophrenia is approximately
1.1% of the population over the age of 18 (source:
NIMH) i.e. 51 million people worldwide at any time.
Schizophrenia has highest disability rate in mental
problems i.e. sixty percent of its cases (It is top 10 cause
of disability)
More than 50% of persons with schizophrenia are not
receiving appropriate care and 90% of people with
untreated schizophrenia are in developing countries
Mortality among people with schizophrenia is
approximately fifty percent above that of the general
population
7. Partly as a result of an increased incidence of suicide (about
ten percent die by suicide) and violent death, and partly as a
result of an increased risk of a wide range of physical health
problems
People with the condition have a 50 times higher risk of
attempting suicide than the general population; the risk of
suicide is very serious in people with schizophrenia.
In men, schizophrenia symptoms typically start in the teens
or 20s.
In women, schizophrenia symptoms typically begin in the
20s or early 30s
Cont.
8. Onset
The onset may be acute, with seriously disturbed behavior,
or insidious, with a gradual development of odd ideas and
conduct
In 40% of men and 23% of women diagnosed with
schizophrenia, the condition manifested itself before the age
of 19
To minimize the developmental disruption associated with
schizophrenia treatment of the prodromal (pre-onset) phase
of the illness is effective, which has been detected up to
30 months before the onset of symptoms
11. Symptoms in teenagers
Withdrawal from friends and family
A drop in performance at school
Trouble sleeping
Irritability or depressed mood
Lack of motivation
Compared with schizophrenia symptoms in adults,
teens may be:
Less likely to have delusions
More likely to have visual hallucinations
12. Causes
It's not known what causes schizophrenia
Researchers believe that a combination of genetics and
environment contributes to development of the disease.
Problems with certain naturally occurring brain
chemicals may contribute to schizophrenia.
Neuroimaging studies show differences in the brain
structure and central nervous system of people with
schizophrenia.
While researchers aren't certain about the significance of
these changes, they support evidence that schizophrenia
is a brain disease.
13. RISK FACTORS
Having a family history of schizophrenia
Physical abnormality of the
brain
Exposure to viruses, toxins or malnutrition while in the
womb, particularly in the first and second trimesters
Poor social and coping skills
Poor communication skills
Stressful life circumstances
Older paternal age
Taking psychoactive drugs during adolescence and
young adulthood
Environmental stress
14. PREVENTION
Taking proactive steps
Avoiding illegal drug use,
Proper management of stresses for reducing stress,
Assurance of getting enough sleep
Regular consultation with mental health professionals
Starting antipsychotic medications as soon as necessary
16. Psychosocial treatments
Social skills training. This focuses on improving
communication and social interactions.
Family Counseling/therapy. This provides support and
education to families dealing with schizophrenia.
Vocational rehabilitation and supported employment.
This focuses on helping people with schizophrenia find
and keep jobs.
Individual counseling/therapy. Learning to cope with
stress and identify early warning signs of relapse can
help people with schizophrenia manage their illness
17. COMPLICATIONS
Suicide
Any type of self-injury
Anxiety and phobias
Depression
Abuse of alcohol, drugs or prescription medications
Poverty
Homelessness
Family conflicts
Inability to work or attend school
Social isolation
21. Questions
Is it not our duty as human to care for those who have
difficulties caring themself?
How much a smile and a pinch of love and care cost?
Does neglecting or denying solves the problem?
Are we ready to accept other as they are when we want
to be accepted as we are?
